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Biomarkers for dementia in Latin American countries: Gaps and opportunities

2022 , Mario A. Parra , ORELLANA VILLENA, VIVIANA PAULINA , Tomas Leon , Cabello G. Victoria , Rodrigo Gomez , Fernando Henriquez , Constanza Avalos , Andres Damian , Agustin Ibañez , Henrik Zetterberg , SLACHEVSKY CHONCHOL, ANDREA MARÍA , Betty M. Tijms , Jennifer S. Yokoyama , Stefanie D. Piña‐Escudero , J. Nicholas Cochran , Diana L. Matallana , Daisy Acosta , Ricardo Allegri , Bianca P. Arias‐Suárez , Bernardo Barra , Sonia M. D. Brucki , Geraldo Busatto , Paulo Caramelli , Sheila Castro‐Suarez , BEHRENS PELLEGRINO, MARIA ISABEL , Valeria Contreras , Nilton Custodio , Sergio Dansilio , Myriam De la Cruz‐Puebla , Leonardo Cruz de Souza , Monica M. Diaz , Lissette Duque , Gonzalo A. Farías , Sergio T. Ferreira , Nahuel Magrath Guimet , Ana Kmaid , David Lira , Francisco Lopera , Beatriz Mar Meza , Eliane C. Miotto , Ricardo Nitrini , Alberto Nuñez , Santiago O'Neill , John Ochoa , Maritza Pintado‐Caipa , Elisa de Paula França Resende , Shannon Risacher , Luz Angela Rojas , Valentina Sabaj , Lucas Schilling , Allis F. Sellek , Ana Sosa , Leonel T. Takada , Antonio L. Teixeira , Martha Unaucho‐Pilalumbo , Claudia Duran‐Aniotz

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Multidimensional Clinical Assessment in Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Spectrum in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Narrative Review and a Glance at Future Challenges

2022 , SANCHEZ HENRIQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL , Victoria Cabello , Sandra Baez , Leonardo Cruz de Souza , Patricia Lillo , David Martínez-Pernía , Loreto Olavarría , Teresa Torralva , SLACHEVSKY CHONCHOL, ANDREA MARÍA

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the third most common form of dementia across all age groups and is a leading cause of early-onset dementia. The Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes a spectrum of diseases that are classified according to their clinical presentation and patterns of neurodegeneration. There are two main types of FTD: behavioral FTD variant (bvFTD), characterized by a deterioration in social function, behavior, and personality; and primary progressive aphasias (PPA), characterized by a deficit in language skills. There are other types of FTD-related disorders that present motor impairment and/or parkinsonism, including FTD with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). The FTD and its associated disorders present great clinical heterogeneity. The diagnosis of FTD is based on the identification through clinical assessments of a specific clinical phenotype of impairments in different domains, complemented by an evaluation through instruments, i.e., tests and questionnaires, validated for the population under study, thus, achieving timely detection and treatment. While the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is increasing rapidly, there is still a lack of standardized instruments and consensus for FTD diagnosis. In this context, it is important to review the published tests and questionnaires adapted and/or validated in LAC for the assessment of cognition, behavior, functionality, and gait in FTD and its spectrum. Therefore, our paper has three main goals. First, to present a narrative review of the main tests and questionnaires published in LAC for the assessment of FTD and its spectrum in six dimensions: (i) Cognitive screening; (ii) Neuropsychological assessment divided by cognitive domain; (iii) Gait assessment; (iv) Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms; (v) Functional assessment; and (vi) Global Rating Scale. Second, to propose a multidimensional clinical assessment of FTD in LAC identifying the main gaps. Lastly, it is proposed to create a LAC consortium that will discuss strategies to address the current challenges in the field.

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Systematic Review: Genetic, Neuroimaging, and Fluids Biomarkers for Frontotemporal Dementia Across Latin America Countries

2021 , Claudia Duran-Aniotz , Paulina Orellana , Tomas Leon Rodriguez , Victoria Cabello , Fernando Henriquez , María F. Aguirre-Pinto , Tamara Escobedo , Leonel T. Takada , Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero , Oscar Lopez , Jennifer S. Yokoyama , Agustin Ibanez , Mario A. Parra , SLACHEVSKY CHONCHOL, ANDREA MARÍA

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes a group of clinically, genetically, and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the fronto-insular-temporal regions of the brain. Clinically, FTD is characterized by progressive deficits in behavior, executive function, and language and its diagnosis relies mainly on the clinical expertise of the physician/consensus group and the use of neuropsychological tests and/or structural/functional neuroimaging, depending on local availability. The modest correlation between clinical findings and FTD neuropathology makes the diagnosis difficult using clinical criteria and often leads to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, primarily due to lack of recognition or awareness of FTD as a disease and symptom overlap with psychiatric disorders. Despite advances in understanding the underlying neuropathology of FTD, accurate and sensitive diagnosis for this disease is still lacking. One of the major challenges is to improve diagnosis in FTD patients as early as possible. In this context, biomarkers have emerged as useful methods to provide and/or complement clinical diagnosis for this complex syndrome, although more evidence is needed to incorporate most of them into clinical practice. However, most biomarker studies have been performed using North American or European populations, with little representation of the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region. In the LAC region, there are additional challenges, particularly the lack of awareness and knowledge about FTD, even in specialists. Also, LAC genetic heritage and cultures are complex, and both likely influence clinical presentations and may modify baseline biomarker levels. Even more, due to diagnostic delay, the clinical presentation might be further complicated by both neurological and psychiatric comorbidity, such as vascular brain damage, substance abuse, mood disorders, among others. This systematic review provides a brief update and an overview of the current knowledge on genetic, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers for FTD in LAC countries. Our review highlights the need for extensive research on biomarkers in FTD in LAC to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease and its associated biomarkers. Dementia research is certainly reduced in the LAC region, highlighting an urgent need for harmonized, innovative, and cross-regional studies with a global perspective across multiple areas of dementia knowledge.

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Internal and External Sources and the Adoption of Innovations in Organizations

2018 , Fariborz Damanpour , SÁNCHEZ HENRÍQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL , Holly H. Chiu

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Internationalization and performance: the role of depth and breadth

2018 , Andres Velez-Calle , SANCHEZ HENRIQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL , Farok Contractor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between multinationality and firm performance (M-P) in Latin American companies, commonly referred to as multilatinas. The study conceptualizes the depth (intensity) and breadth (geographical scope) of internationalization and examines their effect on financial performance. Although scholars have studied how internationalization in various contexts and industries affects performance, little is known about firms in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an analysis of the effect of the depth and breadth of multilatina internationalization on financial performance by creating a database using information from America Economia, a specialized Chilean magazine that publishes an annual ranking of multilatinas. Additional data came from the Osiris database of Bureau Van Dijk and Compustat. The hypotheses were tested using an autoregressive heteroskedastic model. Findings The results show that the extent of the depth and breadth of internationalization affects financial performance. Multilatinas’ depth of internationalization has a curvilinear (U-shaped) impact on performance while breadth has an inverted curvilinear impact on performance. Research limitations/implications The theory portion and results expand the literature on firm internationalization and performance by distinguishing between two types of international firm expansion, depth and breadth, and discussing how each contributes to different stages of the three-stage theory of multinationality and performance. Originality/value The findings indicate that multilatinas benefit from their regional expansion, but outside Latin America, expansion has a negative effect on financial performance. They also show that firms can implement different types of internationalization strategies in terms of intensity and scope to achieve better performance.

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Problem Solving Under Different Contexts: The Case of the ALMA Telescope.

2018 , SANCHEZ HENRIQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL

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Survey data - The Effect of Open Innovation on Eco-Innovation Performance: The Role of Market Knowledge Sources

2021 , PAVEZ BARRIO, IGNACIO ANDRÉS , SÁNCHEZ HENRÍQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL

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Environmental and Organizational Antecedents of Plural Sourcing of Public Services

2021 , Fariborz Damanpour , SÁNCHEZ HENRÍQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL , Claudia N. Avellaneda

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Global knowledge centrality: co-inventor collaboration with China

2021 , Jessica Salmon , Salma Zaman , Emine Beyza Satoglu , SÁNCHEZ HENRÍQUEZ, FERNANDO GABRIEL , Andres Velez-Calle

Purpose This paper examines the role of co-inventor collaboration with China and/or the USA on a country's increase in centrality in global knowledge networks. It also explores the role of specific institutional factors – corruption and intellectual property rights (IPR) protection – on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach In the study, co-inventor data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) applications have been used to construct networks of technological knowledge collaboration at the country level over the years 2002–2015. Using eigenvector centrality as the dependent variable, the study uses fixed effect regression analyses on a panel of 171 countries, contributing to recent debates on knowledge networks and international cooperation. Findings Building on research in economic development, innovation and social network theory, this research finds that co-patenting with Chinese inventors is positively related to a country's centrality in global knowledge networks and that this relationship is negatively moderated by collaboration with the current most central knowledge network – namely that of the USA – suggesting a substitution effect. It also finds a partial substitution between institutional factors, IPRs protection and transparency, and collaboration with China on a country's knowledge centrality. Practical implications Regarding policymakers, the findings can be used to encourage international collaboration for increased access to new sources of knowledge that fosters innovation while keeping a close eye on local institutions, especially emerging economies that want to increase their international knowledge network centrality. Originality/value This study creates a unique panel data set and extends the social networks approach in international business literature, focusing on institutional characteristics related to participation in knowledge networks.