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    Development and validation of DeciBHAL-US: A novel microsimulation model of hearing loss across the lifespan in the United States
    (2022)
    Ethan D. Borre
    ;
    Evan R. Myers
    ;
    Judy R. Dubno
    ;
    Gerard M. O'Donoghue
    ;
    Mohamed M. Diab
    Scopus© Citations 6  2
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      10
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    Inequality in the distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists in 15 Latin American countries: an ecological study
    (2019)
    Tess Bright
    ;
    Oscar J MĂşjica
    ;
    Jacqueline Ramke
    ;
    Claudia M Moreno
    ;
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To explore sociogeographical inequalities in the availability and distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists (ENTs) in 15 Latin American (LA) countries.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>Ecological.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting</jats:title><jats:p>Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of LA.</jats:p><jats:p>The number of registered ENTs in 2017 was obtained from the National ENT Society in each country.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures</jats:title><jats:p>The ENT rate/million population was calculated at the national and subnational (eg, state) level. Three measures were calculated to assess subnational distributive inequality of ENTs: (1) absolute and (2) relative index of dissimilarity; and (3) concentration index (using the Human Development Index as the equity stratifier). Finally, the ratio of ENTs/million population in the capital area compared with the rest of the country was calculated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>There was more than a 30-fold difference in the number of ENTs/million population across the included countries—from 61.0 in Argentina (95% CI 58.7 to 63.4) to 2.8 in Guatemala (95% CI 2.1 to 3.8). In all countries, ENTs were more prevalent in advantaged areas and in capital areas. To attain distributive equality, Paraguay would need to redistribute the greatest proportion of its ENT workforce (67.3%; 95% CI 57.8% to 75.6%) and Brazil the least (18.5%; 95% CI 17.6% to 19.5%).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>There is high inequality in the number and distribution of ENTs between and within the 15 studied countries in LA. This evidence can be used to inform policies that improve access to ear and hearing services in the region, such as scale-up of training of ENTs and incentives to distribute specialists equally. These actions to reduce inequities, alongside addressing the social determinants of ear and hearing health, are essential to realise Universal Health Coverage.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      27Scopus© Citations 13
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      11Scopus© Citations 23
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    Scopus© Citations 29  2
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    ISOM 2023 research Panel 4 - Diagnostics and microbiology of otitis media
    (2023)
    Sharon Ovnat Tamir
    ;
    Seweryn Bialasiewicz
    ;
    Christopher G. Brennan-Jones
    ;
    ;
    Liron Kariv
    Scopus© Citations 10  6
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      8
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    Scopus© Citations 4  8
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    The Global Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Workforce
    (2023)
    Beatriz Petrucci
    ;
    Samuel Okerosi
    ;
    Rolvix H. Patterson
    ;
    Sara B. Hobday
    ;
    Valerie Salano
    <jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-4"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>A core component of delivering care of head and neck diseases is an adequate workforce. The World Health Organization report, <jats:italic>Multi-Country Assessment of National Capacity to Provide Hearing Care</jats:italic>, captured primary workforce estimates from 68 member states in 2012, noting that response rates were a limitation and that updated more comprehensive data are needed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-5"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To establish comprehensive workforce metrics for global otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) with updated data from more countries/territories.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-6"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional electronic survey characterizing the OHNS workforce was disseminated from February 10 to June 22, 2022, to professional society leaders, medical licensing boards, public health officials, and practicing OHNS clinicians.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-7"><jats:title>Main Outcome</jats:title><jats:p>The OHNS workforce per capita, stratified by income and region.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-8"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Responses were collected from 121 of 195 countries/territories (62%). Survey responses specifically reported on OHNS workforce from 114 countries/territories representing 84% of the world’s population. The global OHNS clinician density was 2.19 (range, 0-61.7) OHNS clinicians per 100 000 population. The OHNS clinician density varied by World Bank income group with higher-income countries associated with a higher density of clinicians. Regionally, Europe had the highest clinician density (5.70 clinicians per 100 000 population) whereas Africa (0.18 clinicians per 100 000 population) and Southeast Asia (1.12 clinicians per 100 000 population) had the lowest. The OHNS clinicians deliver most of the surgical management of ear diseases and hearing care, rhinologic and sinus diseases, laryngeal disorders, and upper aerodigestive mucosal cancer globally.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-ooi230053-9"><jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional survey study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global OHNS workforce. These results can guide focused investment in training and policy development to address disparities in the availability of OHNS clinicians.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 6  14
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    Research Equity in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
    (2021)
    Rolvix Harlan Patterson
    ;
    Mary Jue Xu
    ;
    Samuel Okerosi
    ;
    Mahmood F. Bhutta
    ;
    Scopus© Citations 10  2