SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA

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SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA
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esalvaj@udd.cl
ORCID
0000-0002-3374-9152
Scopus Author ID
26639769300
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    Opening the “Black Box”. Factors Affecting Women’s Journey to Top Management Positions: A Framework Applied to Chile
    (2018)
    Katherina Kuschel
    ;
    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
    <jats:p>The issue of women’s participation in top management and boardroom positions has received increasing attention in the academic literature and the press. However, the pace of advancement for women managers and directors continues to be slow and uneven. The novel framework of this study organizes the factors at the individual, organizational and public policy level that affect both career persistence and the advancement of women in top management positions; namely, factors affecting (1) career persistence (staying at the organization) and (2) career advancement or mobility (getting promoted within the organization). In the study location, Chile, only 32 percent of women “persist”, or have a career without interruptions, mainly due to issues with work–family integration and organizational environments with opaque and challenging working conditions. Women who “advanced” in their professional careers represent 30 percent of high management positions in the public sector and 18 percent in the private sector. Only 3 percent of general managers in Chile are women. Women in Chile have limited access and are still not integrated into business power networks. Our findings will enlighten business leaders and public policy-makers interested in designing organizations that retain and promote talented women in top positions.</jats:p>
      5Scopus© Citations 7
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    Understanding the role of institutions and economic context on entrepreneurial value creation choice
    (2023)
    DÍAZ TAUTIVA, JULIÁN ANDRÉS  
    ;
    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
    ;
    VÁSQUEZ LAVÍN , FELIPE ANTONIO  
    ;
    PONCE OLIVA, ROBERTO DANIEL  
    <jats:p>Research background: The observable discrepancies in entrepreneurship activity across countries have motivated both researchers and policymakers to comprehend the sources of these variations. Certain scholars have suggested that the answer to this empirical puzzle lies in the macrolevel processes that influence entrepreneurial endeavours. Purpose of the article: As the understanding of macrolevel processes that shape entrepreneurial behaviour is limited, this research aims to answer how institutions and the economic context influence entrepreneurial value creation choices (i.e., for-profit, non-profit, and mixed). Methods: Using a cross-country sample of 7,891 entrepreneurs in 58 countries, we employ a multilevel ordered probit to evaluate a novel conceptual framework. Our analysis models the direct impact of the regulative framework, the normative pillar, and the cultural pillar, alongside the moderating influence of income inequality and economic uncertainty on value creation choices. Findings &amp; value added: Our findings show that the regulative framework has a positive marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a negative effect on non-profit value creation. Meanwhile, the normative pillar has a negative marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a positive effect on non-profit value creation. The cultural pillar has a negative marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a positive effect on non-profit value creation. Furthermore, income inequality moderates positive the relationship between normative pillar and for-profit and mixed-value creation, while economic uncertainty moderates negative the relationship between normative pillar and for-profit and mixed-value creation. Our research contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how institutional pillars can act as drivers or barriers for different entrepreneurial forms, evidence of how uncertainty interacts with institutional forces to shape value creation decisions, and insights into the distinctive attributes of different entrepreneurial forms. Our findings have implications for public policy development.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 48
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    Not a Destiny. National Corporate Networks Compared: Argentina and Italy, 1913–2010
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026)
    Lluch, Andrea
    ;
    Rinaldi, Alberto
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    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
    ;
    Vasta, Michelangelo
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      7Scopus© Citations 16
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    Champions in the time of COVID-19: tracing paths to recovery in Ibero-America
    (2020)
    M. Fernanda Wagstaff
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    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
    ;
    Sarah Villanueva
    <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of Ximena Aguilera, a prominent Chilean epidemiologist, as an exemplar of a champion in times of COVID-19 in Ibero-America. We also refine our understanding of the nature of a champion facing wicked problems.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title> <jats:p>The authors use qualitative case analysis to examine Aguilera’s actions in response to COVID-19 and compare her actions with the characteristics of an emerging theory of champions facing wicked problems.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title> <jats:p>This study builds iteratively upon prior analysis of gender equality champions and finds that the depth, scope and leverage of embracement of champions in times of COVID-19 are parallel to those of gender equality champions. The authors also discuss the findings from the perspective of wicked problems.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Research limitations/implications</jats:title> <jats:p>Future qualitative and quantitative work is needed to examine the boundaries of the theory of champions facing wicked problems across a wider range of problem domains and in a wider population of champions.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Practical implications</jats:title> <jats:p>Wicked problems can occur in multi-level organizational structures, and understanding the characteristics of individuals best-suited to contribute to the definition and solution of these problems is relevant to organizational selection, development, policy and practices.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Social implications</jats:title> <jats:p>Many of the society’s greatest challenges are defined as wicked problems, so understanding the champions of wicked problems is critical for public policy and societal advancement efforts. The nature of wicked problems is considered, and the implications of champions of wicked problems for society are discussed.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title> <jats:p>This work offers an in-depth examination of a champion facing a wicked problem, here the COVID-19 pandemic, while the crisis is ongoing. By capturing the champion’s observations and experiences in real time, the authors obtain a perspective that is unique and unavailable through other methods.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      9  1Scopus© Citations 11
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    Improving Business History Through Social Network Analysis and Data
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026)
    Rinaldi, Alberto
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    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
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    Pak, Susie J.
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    Halgin, Daniel S.
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    A comparative analysis of the internationalization of sub-national and central state-owned enterprises: shreds of evidence from Latin America
    (2021)
    Diego Finchelstein
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    Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
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    SALVAJ CARRERA, ERICA HELENA  
    <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>In this exploratory multiple case study, we aim to compare the internationalization of two state-owned enterprises (SOEs) owned by subnational governments with three owned by central governments in Latin America. This study provides a contextualized answer to the question: What are the differences in the internationalization of subnationally owned SOEs compared to central SOEs? This study finds that the speed and diversification of these two types of SOEs’ internationalization differ because they have a different expansion logic. Subnationally owned SOEs have a gradual and diversified expansion following market rules. Central government’s SOEs are specialized and take more drastic steps in their internationalization, which relates to non-market factors.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>This study builds an exploratory qualitative comparative case analysis that uses multiple sources of data and information to develop a comprehensive understanding of SOEs through process tracing.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>The study posits some assumptions that are confirmed in the case analysis. This study finds relevant differences between sub-national (SSOEs) and central authority (CSOEs’) strategies. SSOEs’ fewer resources and needs to increase income push them to follow a gradual market-driven internationalization and to diversify abroad. CSOEs non-gradual growth is justified by non-market factors (i.e. national politics). CSOEs do not diversify abroad due to the broader set of constituencies they have to face.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Research limitations/implications</jats:title><jats:p>Given the exploratory comparative case study of this research, the findings are bounded by the particularities of the cases and their region (Latin America). This paper and its findings can be useful for theory building but it does not claim any generalization capacity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>This study adds complexity into the SOEs phenomenon by distinguishing between different types of SOEs. This paper contributes to the study of subnational phenomena and its effect in SOEs’ internationalization process, which is an understudied topic. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is among the first studies that explore subnational SOEs in Latin America.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      1  3Scopus© Citations 10