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Fish Oil Supplementation Attenuates Offspring’s Neurodevelopmental Changes Induced by a Maternal High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model
(MDPI AG, 2025-05-21)
Yasna Muñoz
;
Heidy Kaune
;
Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
;
Gonzalo Cruz
;
Jorge Toledo
<jats:p>Background/Objectives: A maternal high-fat diet (HFD) impairs brain structure in offspring. In turn, fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we investigated whether maternal HFD exposure affected the neurological reflexes, neuron morphology, and n-3 PUFA levels in the cerebral cortex of the offspring and whether these effects were mitigated by maternal FO consumption. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats received a control diet (CD, 10% Kcal fat) or HFD (45% Kcal fat) five weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. From mating, a subgroup of HFD was supplemented with 11.4% FO into the diet (HFD-FO). Neurological reflexes were evaluated from postnatal day (PND) 3 until PND20. Brains were removed at PND22 for neuron morphology analysis. Moreover, fatty acid composition and transcripts of genes encoding for factors associated with synapse transmission (SNAP-25), plasticity (BDNF), transport of DHA (MFSD2a), and inflammation (NF-κB and IL-1β) were quantified in prefrontal, motor, and auditory cortices. Results: FO diminished the effects of HFD on the number of thin and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines in the cerebral cortex in both sexes. It also reversed the HFD effects on the motor and auditory reflexes in female and male offspring, respectively. In males, FO up-regulated Bdnf transcript levels in the motor cortex compared with CD and HFD. In females, n-3 PUFAs were higher in HFD and HFD-FO than in CD in the auditory cortex. Conclusions: Our results highlight the protective role of maternal dietary n-3 PUFAs in counteracting the effects induced by HFD on the acquisition of neurological reflexes and neuronal morphology in the cerebral cortex of the offspring of both sexes.</jats:p>
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Adherence to an Early Exercise Plan Promotes Visceral Fat Loss in the First Month Following Bariatric Surgery
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-14)
Johanna Pino-Zuñiga
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Paloma Lillo-Urzua
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Mariela Olivares-Galvez
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Ana Palacio-Aguero
;
Juan Camilo Duque
3Scopus© Citations 2
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Comparando la percepción de ambientes alimentarios entre barrios de distinto nivel socioeconómico en Santiago, Chile: un estudio transversal
(SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2024-12)
Daniel Egaña
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Patricia Gálvez
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Lorena Rodríguez
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Rodrigo Villegas
;
Bárbara Castillo
1Scopus© Citations 3
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Diet quality of Chilean schoolchildren: How is it linked to adherence to dietary guidelines?
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-02-06)
PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA
;
Jacqueline Araneda Flores
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QUINTILIANO SCARPELLI DOURADO , DAIANA APARECIDA
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Tito Pizarro Quevedo
;
Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
In Chile, the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren over the age of 5 is approximately 50%, one of the highest in the Americas region. This is largely influenced by the presence of inadequate food environments, characterized by limited access to healthy foods and a high availability of highly processed foods (HPF). This study analyzes food consumption in Chilean schoolchildren and the association of this with the Chilean Dietary Guidelines Based on Foods (DGBF) and the HPF consumption.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Material and methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The sample (1,094 schoolchildren) was obtained from the baseline of the FONDEF IT18I0016 project, in Santiago-Chile. Anthropometry and socioeconomic data were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative frequency survey featuring images of food groups aligned with DGBF, as well as HPF. All data were collected by trained professional nutritionists. Associations between dependent and independent variables, and potential confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression models with stepwise backward/forward. A p < 0.05 was accepted as significant, using Stata 16.0. <jats:p>Most of the students (54.1%) were with malnutrition by excess and 20.0% exhibited abdominal obesity. Twenty percent of the students met the recommended intake for DGBF (fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, legumes, water) and less than 5% did not consume any HPF. Consuming some sub-groups of HPF in moderate quantities (either no consumption or occasional consumption) increases the likelihood of meeting DGBF: candies and sweets (OR: 0.72; p = 0.04), pies with or without filling (OR: 0.63; p = 0.01), and salted snacks (OR: 0.67; p = 0.02).</jats:p> Conclusion Our results contribute to reaffirm the need to enhance healthy food consumption among schoolchildren and to discourage the intake of HPF, particularly focusing on specific sub-groups of HPF that may increase the risk of displacing the consumption of food groups recommended by the DGBF.</jats:p>
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Obesogenicity perception of food environments in adults: A cross-sectional study in urban areas of Santiago, Chile
(2024)
Lorena Rodríguez Osiac
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Daniel Egaña Rojas
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Paulina Molina Carrasco
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Rodrigo Villegas Ríos
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Barbara Castillo Villalobos
<jats:p>Introduction In Chile, there is a high prevalence of obesity, and most people have an inadequate quality of food. Food environments can constitute barriers that prevent healthy food choices and lead to overweight and obesity, as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases. There are international instruments that allow the characterization of food environments. In Chile, there are no studies on the perception of food environments. This study aimed to characterize the perception of obesogenicity of food environments in the urban Chilean population using an instrument previously validated in Chile. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling. The "Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey", based on the Chilean model of food environments, was applied to 256 participants from two urban communities of the Metropolitan Region. Scores were calculated for the instrument items, which allowed calculating scores by environments included in the Chilean model of Food Environments. Negative scores were related to a higher obesogenic level. Results The results show that the domestic food environment is perceived as less obesogenic (median of 15.8 points), with more than 90% of households having fruits, vegetables, and legumes, even though the supply food environment was negative (median -0.19 points). However, about 50% of households had ultra-processed foods. The street food environment was perceived as the most obesogenic (median -1.91 points), with more than 60% of the participants indicating difficulty finding healthy options. Conclusions According to the level of obesogenicity of the environments studied, it is necessary to have public policies that improve them and ensure the availability and physical and economic access to healthy food, particularly in the food supply and public road environments.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 4 1
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Food addiction in patients on weight loss treatment
(2024)
Ana Cristina Palacio
;
Catalina Cuello
;
Ximena Díaz-Torrente
<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Food addiction (FA) is defined as hedonic eating behavior involving the consumption of highly palatable foods (i.e., ultra processed foods in quantities beyond homeostatic energy requirements). FA is present in a subset of patients with overweight or obesity and could contribute to the response to weight loss treatments.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>Determine FA in individuals that fulfil the criteria of FA as measured by the YFAS 2.0, and its association with anthropometric and body composition variables in a clinical sample of patients undergoing weight loss treatment. Also, to determine the most prevalent FA criteria.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Sampling was non-probabilistic, convenience based. A total of 158 participants were recruited from two clinical centers (private and public) focused on managing non-communicable chronic diseases. The Chilean version of YFAS 2.0 was administrated through the online REDCap platform. Anthropometric measurements were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The mean age was 47.8 (SD 14.9) and BMI 28.7 (SD 5.3) kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. There were 12.7% patients who screened positive on the YFAS 2.0 Chilean version (3.2% for mild, 2.5% for moderate and 7.0% for severe), the mean symptom count was 2.2 (SD 2.6), with <jats:italic>withdrawal</jats:italic> being the most prevalent criterion (33.5%). FA patients had significantly higher body weight compared to non-FA subjects (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.045). We observed a slight and significant correlation between FA symptom count and body weight (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.020), waist circumference (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005), and BMI (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.023).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study in Chile that showed that FA was present in patients undergoing weight loss treatment and was associated with anthropometric measurements. In addition, it showed that <jats:italic>withdrawal</jats:italic> was the most prevalent criterion. Future studies should investigate whether the presence of FA and the <jats:italic>withdrawal</jats:italic> criterion could contribute to suboptimal clinical response to weight loss treatment.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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Long-term quality of life in patients with bariatric surgery evaluated with BAROS
(2024)
Ana Palacio Agüero
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Ximena Díaz-Torrente
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Camila Zancheta
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Alejandra Reyes
;
Marcela Cosentino
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Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People
(2024)
Dominique A. Díaz
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Lydia Lera
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Carlos Márquez
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Andrea Valenzuela
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Rodrigo Saguez
<jats:p>Background: The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 358 non-disabled, community-dwelling older people (71.7 ± 3.9 years) living in Santiago de Chile and participating in the HTSMayor study was conducted. Measurements of body composition and cardiovascular risks were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of NC with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases. NC cut-off points were obtained to predict obesity, abdominal obesity, and adiposity. Results: The best performance values of neck circumference relative to obesity and adiposity were obtained with respect to abdominal obesity (40.6 cm in men and 34.2 cm in women). Higher NC values were associated with a higher area under the curve (AUC) for men and women (men: AUC = 0.84; women: AUC = 0.86). NC was significantly associated with a higher risk for diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.95), hypertension (OR = 2.42), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 4.36), and comorbidities (OR = 2.01), and a lower risk for sarcopenia (OR = 0.35). Conclusions: This study shows that NC is a useful tool for detecting abdominal obesity, obesity, and adiposity in older people and that a higher NC increases the risk of chronic diseases.</jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 5
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Linoleic and Arachidonic Fatty Acids and their Potential Relationship
with Inflammation, Pregnancy, and Fetal Development
(2024)
Macarena Ortiz
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Daniela Álvarez
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Yasna Muñoz
;
Nicolás Crisosto
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Rodrigo Valenzuela
<jats:sec> <jats:title>Abstract:</jats:title> <jats:p>A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA, could produce during pregnancy.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including in vivo and in vitro models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 6 11
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Obesity and cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
(2020)
Salesa Barja
;
Catalina Le Roy
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CECILIA MAGDALENA SEPULVEDA HARTARD
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MARIA LUISA GUZMAN GUTIERREZ
;
Marithza Olivarez
Scopus© Citations 10 1

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