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    Cognitive motivational variables and dropout intention as precursors of university dropout
    (2024)
    Yaranay López-Angulo
    ;
    COBO RENDÓN, RUBIA CONSUELO  
    ;
    Fabiola Sáez-Delgado
    ;
    Javier Mella-Norambuena
    ;
    María Victoria Pérez-Villalobos
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>The intention to dropout and dropout is a problem still unresolved in higher education institutions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the differences in the levels of engagement, motivation and academic satisfaction according to (a) intention to dropout and (b) students who remained with those who dropped out. Method: non-experimental designs were used. Two studies are reported, study 1 involved 3,256 students and study 2 involved 2,110 students. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Student Test, the Academic Self-Regulation Scale and the Academic Satisfaction Scale were used. The intention to dropout was measured with 3 items and the final dropout data was taken from the official register of students who dropped out of university.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>There are significant differences in the levels of engagement, autonomous motivation and satisfaction between the students who remained and those who dropped out of the university.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Students who dropped out in the 3rd semester presented lower levels of academic engagement, motivation and academic satisfaction than those who remained. The intention to dropout and lower levels of these cognitive-motivational variables may contribute to the identification of students at high risk of dropping out. These results contribute to unveiling key variables for the educational transformation of Higher Education in the 21st century.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      2Scopus© Citations 6
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      2
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    Usability and feasibility of PreventS-MD web app for stroke prevention
    (2023)
    Valery L Feigin
    ;
    Rita Krishnamurthi
    ;
    Oleg Medvedev
    ;
    Alexander Merkin
    ;
    Balakrishnan Nair
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Background:</jats:title><jats:p> Most strokes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are potentially preventable if their risk factors are identified and well controlled. Digital platforms, such as the PreventS-MD web app (PreventS-MD) may aid health care professionals (HCPs) in assessing and managing risk factors and promoting lifestyle changes for their patients. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> This is a mixed-methods cross-sectional two-phase survey using a largely positivist (quantitative and qualitative) framework. During Phase 1, a prototype of PreventS-MD was tested internationally by 59 of 69 consenting HCPs of different backgrounds, age, sex, working experience, and specialties using hypothetical data. Collected comments/suggestions from the study HCPs in Phase 1 were reviewed and implemented. In Phase 2, a near-final version of PreventS-MD was developed and tested by 58 of 72 consenting HCPs using both hypothetical and real patient (n = 10) data. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with real patients (n = 10) were conducted, and 1 month adherence to the preventive recommendations was assessed by self-reporting. The four System Usability Scale (SUS) groups of scores (0–50 unacceptable; 51–68 poor; 68–80.3 good; &gt;80.3 excellent) were used to determine usability of PreventS-MD. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings:</jats:title><jats:p> Ninety-nine HCPs from 27 countries (45% from low- to middle-income countries) participated in the study, and out of them, 10 HCPs were involved in the development of PreventS before the study, and therefore were not involved in the survey. Of the remaining 89 HCPs, 69 consented to the first phase of the survey, and 59 of them completed the first phase of the survey (response rate 86%), and 58 completed the second phase of the survey (response rate 84%). The SUS scores supported good usability of the prototype (mean score = 80.2; 95% CI [77.0–84.0]) and excellent usability of the final version of PreventS-MD (mean score = 81.7; 95% CI [79.1–84.3]) in the field. Scores were not affected by the age, sex, working experience, or specialty of the HCPs. One-month follow-up of the patients confirmed the high level of satisfaction/acceptability of PreventS-MD and (100%) adherence to the recommendations. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation:</jats:title><jats:p> The PreventS-MD web app has a high level of usability, feasibility, and satisfaction by HCPs and individuals at risk of stroke/CVD. Individuals at risk of stroke/CVD demonstrated a high level of confidence and motivation in following and adhering to preventive recommendations generated by PreventS-MD. </jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 9  2
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    Engagement, motivación académica y ajuste de estudiantado universitario
    (2022)
    COBO RENDÓN, RUBIA CONSUELO  
    ;
    Yaranay López-Angulo
    ;
    Fabiola Sáez-Delgado
    ;
    Javier Mella-Norambuena
    <jats:p>Introducción. El ingreso de la juventud a la universidad es un periodo desafiante e importante para su vida, tanto en términos académicos como personales. Se requiere disponer de un conjunto de habilidades que le permitan ajustarse satisfactoriamente a las demandas del nuevo contexto educativo. El ajuste a la vida universitaria se vuelve una variable clave, dado que permite hacer frente a los requisitos de motivación, ejecución y rendimiento propios de la experiencia universitaria en los ámbitos, académicos, sociales, institucionales y personales del estudiantado. Por tanto, es necesario conocer aquellas variables que predicen un adecuado ajuste del estudiantado para proponer intervenciones oportunas de mejora. Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad predictiva del engagement y la motivación académica en el ajuste de estudiantado universitario. Metodología. Diseño predictivo-transversal, participaron 512 estudiantes de primer año de una universidad tradicional en Chile (hombres= 297; mujeres= 215). Promedio de edad 19 años (DE=1.49). Resultados. Los modelos de regresión propuestos fueron estadísticamente significativos. El engagement fue el mayor predictor del ajuste académico (β =.511; p&lt;.01; r2=.40), institucional (β=.30; p&lt;.01; r2=.37), social (β =.29; p&lt;.01; r2=.15) y personal-emocional (β = .30; p&lt;.01; r2=.10), seguido de la motivación autónoma. Conclusiones. El engagement académico es relevante no solo en la promoción del rendimiento académico, sino también en los procesos de integración y adaptación del estudiantado en el contexto universitario. Recomendaciones. Para contribuir con el ajuste del estudiantado durante los primeros años, se hace relevante la implementación de estrategias que potencien el engagement académico y la motivación autónoma.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 6  2
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    No association between genetic variants in MAOA, OXTR, and AVPR1a and cooperative strategies
    (2020)
    María I. Rivera-Hechem
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    ;
    GUZMÁN PRICE, RICARDO  
    ;
    Tadeo Ramírez-Parada
    ;
    BENAVIDES GONZALEZ, FELIPE ORLANDO  
    <jats:p>The effort to understand the genetic basis of human sociality has been encouraged by the diversity and heritability of social traits like cooperation. This task has remained elusive largely because most studies of sociality and genetics use sample sizes that are often unable to detect the small effects that single genes may have on complex social behaviors. The lack of robust findings could also be a consequence of a poor characterization of social phenotypes. Here, we explore the latter possibility by testing whether refining measures of cooperative phenotypes can increase the replication of previously reported associations between genetic variants and cooperation in small samples. Unlike most previous studies of sociality and genetics, we characterize cooperative phenotypes based on strategies rather than actions. Measuring strategies help differentiate between similar actions with different underlaying social motivations while controlling for expectations and learning. In an admixed Latino sample (n = 188), we tested whether cooperative strategies were associated with three genetic variants thought to influence sociality in humans—<jats:italic>MAOA</jats:italic>-uVNTR, <jats:italic>OXTR</jats:italic> rs53576, and <jats:italic>AVPR1</jats:italic> RS3. We found no association between cooperative strategies and any of the candidate genetic variants. Since we were unable to replicate previous observations our results suggest that refining measurements of cooperative phenotypes as strategies is not enough to overcome the inherent statistical power problem of candidate gene studies.</jats:p>
      9Scopus© Citations 2
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    Experts by Experience: Qualitative Evaluation of Adolescent Participation in the Development of a Technological Intervention to Prevent Youth Suicide in Chile
    (2021)
    Sara Hamilton Schilling
    ;
    CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA  
    ;
    Eric Tapia
    ;
    Franco Mascayano
    ;
    Romina Pitronello
    <jats:p>Adolescent suicide is a pressing problem in Chile that has not yet been sufficiently addressed, as suicide rates have stagnated in recent years. One possible explanation could be linked to the adult-centered paradigm that continues to prevail in relation to adolescent health initiatives. In light of this, programs that seek to promote youth mental health should consider incorporating adolescents in the design process using participatory methodologies, to ensure that these initiatives are well-suited for the population. In line with this recommendation, a group of seven adolescents, 13 to 20 years of age, were incorporated into a research team to actively guide the design, development, and validation of a technology-based intervention, known as Project Clan, which was piloted to reduce adolescent suicide in schools in Chile. This group was known as the “Group of Experts,” in acknowledgment of their role as experts by experience on adolescence. A qualitative case study was conducted to explore their lived experiences, through semistructured individual in-depth interviews with six members of the group. Results showed that the adolescents had a high level of interest in mental health and had experienced problems of their own or accompanied friends who were struggling, which motivated their participation in the study. They had a critical view of the previous interventions they had received through educational institutions and valued their role in the promotion of their peers' mental health through the Group of Experts. They also highlighted the importance of creating tools that complement their daily lives and provide an alternative to existing social networks, by respecting their anonymity, providing a secure place for divulgation and self-expression, and facilitating access to professional support. We conclude that programs that address issues that affect adolescents should incorporate adolescents in the decision-making and design processes to ensure the acceptability and effectivity of their interventions.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 10  4
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    Metodologías activas en Educación Superior para mejorar los procesos de aprendizaje en estudiantado de enfermería
    (2020)
    Elizabeth del Tránsito Sanhueza Lesperguer
    ;
    Maite Otondo Briceño
      7
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    Levels of motivation in nursing students and learning strategies
    (2020)
    Elizabeth Sanhueza Lesperguer
      3
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    Growth expectations through innovative entrepreneurship
    (2018)
    POBLETE CAZENAVE, CARLOS ABEL  
    <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to propose a model suggesting that innovation may act as a motivating force that increases entrepreneurs’ growth expectations, in which entrepreneurs’ growth expectations are shaped by their subjective values and entrepreneurial experience moderates this relationship.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper conducts statistical analysis on a sample of 11,579 entrepreneurs from 24 countries who participated in the IIIP survey of innovation in 2011 under the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title> <jats:p>The results suggest that entrepreneurs involved in innovative entrepreneurship are more likely to have higher growth expectations, with subjective values playing a direct and indirect role in entrepreneurs’ expectations of firm growth. Additionally, the results indicate that the duration of entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between strategic orientation and confidence in innovation. This finding suggests there is feedback between having beliefs about the benefits of innovation and being an innovative entrepreneur, resulting in an over-estimation – at least in comparative terms – regarding firm growth rates. This relationship is stronger for novice entrepreneurs since experienced entrepreneurs tend to be more cautious about their expectations of growing.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title> <jats:p>This study deepens our understanding of the complex processes through which organizational-level decisions ultimately influence individual-level factors. The present findings contribute to progress in this task by suggesting that strategies aimed at cultivating innovation feed entrepreneurs’ subjective values of innovation as well as expectations of growth. Although the duration of entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between acting as an innovative entrepreneur and subjective values of innovation, the results suggest that entrepreneurs’ expectations are primarily driven by their internal perceptions of reality.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      16Scopus© Citations 27
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      1Scopus© Citations 100  1