Universidad del Desarrollo

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Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach?
(2019)
Ricardo Ramírez-Barrantes
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Marcelo Arancibia
;
Jana Stojanova
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ASPÉ SÁNCHEZ, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO
;
Claudio Córdova
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
Scopus© Citations 38 1
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Effects of Occupational Therapy Program Based on Active Meditation on Hair Cortisol Levels in Undergraduate Healthcare Students
(2022)
Alejandra Espinosa
;
Rodolfo Morrison
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Diego Gonzalez
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Juan Jamardo
;
Federico Fortuna
<jats:p>Context. Meditation incorporation helps to fight against disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety. Specifically, few studies have studied Osho’s Active Meditation on young people, but observed evidence using passive meditation shows that it could improve stress well-management, emotional control, and other mental unhealthy conditions. Goal. The present study pointed to evaluate the results of an occupational therapy program centered on active meditation on hair cortisol concentration in a sample of undergraduate healthcare students. Methods. Undergraduate students from the University of Chile’s health careers were divided at random into control (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>) and treated groups (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>). The treated group participated in an active meditation program once a week for three months. This treatment included different techniques such as Chakra Sounds, Nataraj, Mandala, Kundalini, Devavani, Gourishankar, and Nadabrahma. Hair samples were taken before and after the treatment period to measure cortisol. Results. The control group increased cortisol level <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mn>168.9</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>76.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg compared with initial levels. The treated group shows a decrease of initial cortisol values in <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mn>28.5</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>12.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg after meditation protocol application. Conclusions. Blending active meditation in students’ daily routine through occupational therapy intervention might prevent undergraduate students’ stress in healthcare careers.</jats:p>
8Scopus© Citations 3
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Meditation focused on self-observation of the body impairs metacognitive efficiency
(2019)
Carlos Schmidt
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REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO
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Mauricio Barrientos
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Álvaro I. Langer
;
Jérôme Sackur
Scopus© Citations 15 1
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Efectos de la meditación activa en indicadores físicos y psicoemocionales de estrés en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Un estudio piloto
(2020)
Rodolfo Morrison
;
Carmen Paz-Díaz
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Pamela Gutiérrez
;
Carla Frías
;
Alejandra Espinosa
<jats:p>Introducción. Las múltiples exigencias académicas a las que los estudiantes universitarios se enfrentan les generan altos niveles de estrés; si bien el estrés puede ayudarles a afrontar tales exigencias, en muchos casos este puede causarles diversos problemas de salud.Objetivo. Evaluar si la implementación de la meditación activa en la rutina diaria de estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias de la salud tiene un efecto en sus indicadores físicos y psicoemocionales.Materiales y métodos. Estudio piloto exploratorio y cuantitativo realizado en una muestra de 22 estudiantes universitarios que aceptaron participar en un curso electivo de meditación activa de 3 meses (18 sesiones). A los participantes se les solicitó diligenciar el Cuestionario de Percepción Global de Estado (CPGE) ex ante y ex post al curso.Resultados. 18 participantes completaron el CPGE ex ante y ex post, pero solo 16 fueron válidos para el procesamiento de datos. La mayoría de estudiantes reportó una mejora respecto a su percepción sobre cómo enfrentar diferentes situaciones estresantes luego de completar el curso, por ejemplo, el 87.5% manifestó permanecer en un estado de relajación en situaciones estresantes; el 81%, una disminución del agotamiento mental, y el 81%, un mejor manejo de las situaciones estresantes.Conclusiones. La incorporación de la meditación activa en la rutina diaria de estos estudiantes disminuyó sus indicadores físicos y psicoemocionales de estrés, por lo que es necesario realizar nuevos estudios con muestras más grandes que permitan confirmar el efecto positivo de este tipo de cursos en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios, lo que sin duda repercutirá en un mejor rendimiento académico producto de un mejor estado mental.</jats:p>
34Scopus© Citations 1

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