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    A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-12-18)
    Cristóbal Vacarezza
    ;
    Julieta Araneda
    ;
    Pamela Gonzalez
    ;
    Oscar Arteaga
    ;
    Katherine Marcelain
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title> <jats:p>Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Triangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Governmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      8
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    Stanisław Ostrowski: physician, soldier, and president
    (2023)
    Edmund J. Janniger
    ;
    R Cabrera
      1
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    Scopus© Citations 1  7
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    A description of Chilean food and nutrition health policies
    (2021)
    Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac
    ;
    PINHEIRO FERNANDES, ANNA CHRISTINA  
    ;
    Maria-F. Mujica-Coopman
    ;
    Patricia Caro-Moya
    ;
    Deborah Navarro-Rosenblatt
    Scopus© Citations 16  4
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    The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile
    (2023)
    Deisy Del Real
    ;
    Felipe Crowhurst-Pons
    ;
    Lizeth Olave
    <jats:p>According to the social stress process model, global crises are macro-level stressors that generate physiological stress and psychological distress. However, existing research has not identified immigrants’ COVID-19 containment policy stressors or examined the social stress of sending remittances amid crises. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal interviews with 46 Venezuelan immigrants—half before and half during the pandemic—in Chile and Argentina, we identified the COVID-19 containment policies’ stressors. We focused on Venezuelan immigrants because they constitute one of the largest internationally displaced populations, with most migrating within South America. We found that the governmental COVID-19 containment measures in both countries generated four stressors: employment loss, income loss, devaluation of employment status, and inability to send needed remittances. Moreover, sending remittances helped some migrants cope with concerns about loved ones in Venezuela. However, sending remittances became a social stressor when immigrants struggled to simultaneously sustain their livelihoods and send financial support to relatives experiencing hardships in Venezuela. For some immigrants, these adversities generated other stressors (e.g., housing instability) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Broadly, for immigrants, the stressors of global crises transcend international borders and generate high stress, which strains their psychological well-being.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 9
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    Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges
    (2021)
    PERUGA URREA, ARMANDO  
    ;
    María José López
    ;
    Cristina Martinez
    ;
    Esteve Fernández
      1Scopus© Citations 95
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    Citizens at the forefront of the constitutional debate: Voluntary citizen participation determinants and emergent content in Chile
    (2022)
    RAVEAU MORALES, MARÍA PAZ  
    ;
    COUYOUMDJIAN NETTLE, JUAN PABLO  
    ;
    Claudio Fuentes-Bravo
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    ;
    CANDIA VALLEJOS, CRISTIAN ESTEBAN  
    In the past few decades, constitution-making processes have shifted from being undertakings performed by elites and closed off from the public to ones incorporating democratic mechanisms. Little is known, however, about the determinants of voluntary public participation and how they affect the outcomes of the deliberative process in terms of content and quality. Here, we study the process of constituent involvement in the rewriting of Chile’s constitution in 2016. A total of 106, 412 citizens in 8, 113 different local encounters voluntarily congregated in groups of ten or more to collectively determine what social rights should be considered for inclusion in the new constitution, deliberating and then articulating in the written word why should be included. We brought our data to statistical regression models at the municipality level, the results show that the main determinants associated with increasing citizen participation are educational level, engagement in politics, support for the government, and Internet access. In contrast, population density and the share of Evangelical Christians in the general population decrease citizen participation. Then, we further analyze the written arguments for each collectively-selected constitutional rights. The findings suggest that groups from socioeconomically developed municipalities (with higher educational levels and where the main economic activities are more distant from natural resources), on average, deliberate consistently more about themes, concepts, and ideas compared to groups from less developed municipalities. These results provide an empirical ground on the driver factors of voluntary citizen participation and on the benefits and disadvantages of deliberative democracy. Hence, results can inform the organization of new deliberative processes.
    Scopus© Citations 7  5
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    Health in Chile’s Recent Constitutional Process: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Civil Proposals
    (2022)
    CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ  
    ;
    Sophie Esnouf
    ;
    Alice Blukacz
    ;
    Manuel A. Espinoza
    ;
    Edward Mezones-Holguin
    <jats:p>(1) Background: In response to the recent political crisis in Chile, the “Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution’’ was approved. We aimed to analyze the health-related civil proposals uploaded to the official website for popular participation in the new constitution in Chile. (2) Methods: We carried out a qualitative thematic analysis of 126 health-related valid proposals. Moreover, we analyzed their link to the Health Goals 2030, established by the Ministry of Health of Chile and to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (3) Results: Sixteen main categories were reached. In all, they were organized into four main areas: (i) the right to health and the establishment of a universal health system; (ii) effective access to selected healthcare services; (iii) improving health outcomes for all and for the relevant subgroups; and (iv) the social determinants of health, health in all the policies, and community health. We found that these four areas were strongly linked to the Health Goals 2030 for Chile and to the SDGs. (4) Conclusions: Despite the fact that the new constitutional proposal was rejected in September 2022, the civil health-related proposals and the areas of health and healthcare were of interest to the citizens as the request showed a strong demand from the population for participation in matters of health, healthcare, and public health.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 2  2
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    Scopus© Citations 7  2
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    Estrés y aislamiento: desafíos para la protección de la salud infantil en tiempos de pandemia
    (2021)
    Luisa Schonhaut Berman
    ;
    Rodrigo Aguirre Donoso
    ;
    Claudia Lara De la Fuente
      5