Universidad del Desarrollo

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Gender Disparities in Oncology: A Report From Four Countries in Latin America
(American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2025-06)
Julia Ismael
;
Paola Montenegro
;
Bettina Müller
;
Regina Barragan-Carrillo
;
Jazmín Hernández-Marín
PURPOSE Women represent a growing force in oncology but remain underrepresented in high-level positions. Gender-related challenges affect academic progression, research, and clinical practice. This manuscript aims to describes gender-based professional development challenges faced by women in oncology in Latin America (LATAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study among LATAM oncologists using a 27-item questionnaire on the basis of the European Society for Medical Oncology Women for Oncology Survey. Our analysis focused on male-female disparities, excluding other gender identities. Logistic regression models were used to calculated odds ratios (ORs) for gender inequity, wage disparity, workplace and sexual harassment, and family development. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with the significance set at P < .05. RESULTS We analyzed 254 participants from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, mostly females (88%) and based in Mexico (55%). Most were attending physicians (68%), 51.5% worked 41-60 hours, and 33.4% reported gender equity initiatives. Gender inequity was significantly higher among women (83%) than among men (37%), with the female gender identified as a risk factor (OR, 15.67; P < .001). Workplace harassment was reported by 60% of women and 19% of men, whereas sexual harassment was experienced by 34% of women and 16% of men (OR, 2.78; P < .05). Sixty-five percent reported that men had the highest salaries. Logistic regression indicated that working 20-40 hours per week was associated with the likelihood of women having children (OR, 3.0; P < .01), as was working 41-60 hours (OR, 1.97; P < .01). However, holding an attending or resident position was associated with significantly lower childbearing rates CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Women oncologists in LATAM report experiencing higher rates of gender-based inequity and harassment and remain underrepresented in leadership and high-earning roles.
Scopus© Citations 3 1
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Burnout y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores/as sociales de la Región de Ñuble, Chile
(Universidad del Valle, 2025-01-01)
Andrea María Palma-Contreras
;
Francisca Antonia Marchant-Troncoso
;
Viviana Edith Vera-Meza
;
LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el nivel de burnout (agotamiento) en trabajadores/as sociales de la Región de Ñuble de Chile y estudiar la asociación de fenómenos laborales adversos -altas demandas emocionales, acoso laboral, vulnerabilidad laboral y sobrecarga laboral- con burnout y entre burnout y dichos fenómenos con insatisfacción laboral. Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de auto reporte a 173 trabajadores/as sociales (143 mujeres y 30 hombres) de la Red Intersectorial de Trabajadores/as Sociales de la Región de Ñuble. Los resultados muestran que el 6.9% de los encuestados presenta síndrome de Burnout. En los análisis bivariados se observa asociación de altas demandas emocionales, presencia de acoso laboral y sobrecarga laboral con Burnout. Además, se encontró una asociación de Burnout, acoso laboral los últimos 6 meses, vulnerabilidad e inestabilidad laboral con la insatisfacción laboral. Al ajustar por atención de público y años de trayectoria se encontró que los trabajadores con altas demandas emocionales (OR= 6,811), acoso laboral [OR=5,430) y sobrecarga laboral (OR=4,431) tienen mayor chance de presentar Burnout que aquellos/as que no reportan dichas condiciones. Por último, se realizó un análisis por tramo de sueldo y tipo de contrato, los que reportan burnout (OR= 4,042), vulnerabilidad laboral (OR=2,464) o inestabilidad laboral (OR=2,526), tienen más chance de presentar insatisfacción laboral que los que no reportan esos fenómenos.
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Effects of Occupational Therapy Program Based on Active Meditation on Hair Cortisol Levels in Undergraduate Healthcare Students
(2022)
Alejandra Espinosa
;
Rodolfo Morrison
;
Diego Gonzalez
;
Juan Jamardo
;
Federico Fortuna
<jats:p>Context. Meditation incorporation helps to fight against disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety. Specifically, few studies have studied Osho’s Active Meditation on young people, but observed evidence using passive meditation shows that it could improve stress well-management, emotional control, and other mental unhealthy conditions. Goal. The present study pointed to evaluate the results of an occupational therapy program centered on active meditation on hair cortisol concentration in a sample of undergraduate healthcare students. Methods. Undergraduate students from the University of Chile’s health careers were divided at random into control (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>) and treated groups (<jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula>). The treated group participated in an active meditation program once a week for three months. This treatment included different techniques such as Chakra Sounds, Nataraj, Mandala, Kundalini, Devavani, Gourishankar, and Nadabrahma. Hair samples were taken before and after the treatment period to measure cortisol. Results. The control group increased cortisol level <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mn>168.9</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>76.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg compared with initial levels. The treated group shows a decrease of initial cortisol values in <jats:inline-formula> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mn>28.5</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>12.8</mn> </math> </jats:inline-formula> pg/mg after meditation protocol application. Conclusions. Blending active meditation in students’ daily routine through occupational therapy intervention might prevent undergraduate students’ stress in healthcare careers.</jats:p>
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