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    Marine resource projects for rural economic development policies in Chile: marine user rights and disruption costs
    (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2025-03-27)
    Heidi J. Albers
    ;
    Carlos Chávez
    ;
    Jorge Dresdner
    ;
    Mauricio Leiva
    Governments offer resource user rights, such as individual and collective agricultural land rights, fishing quotas, and territorial user rights in marine activities, to induce economic development and efficient resource use. Yet, user rights and improved incomes do not always lead to project uptake, as in rural-rural migration. Marine user rights may differ from land tenure rights, especially when rights are individual or collective. We explore household survey data from Chile about participation in projects linking marine resource activities with user rights across payoff levels and commute/relocation ‘disruption’ costs. Households are more likely to participate in projects with low disruption costs and high incomes, yet many households reject lucrative projects. The household's existing user rights and the project's activity–rights pairs affect project participation levels, with differences across collective and individually-held rights. These results inform policy aimed at increasing incomes and resource use efficiency through marine resource projects with user rights.
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    Socioeconomic inequalities in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional analysis of income poverty
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2025-05-07)
    DELGADO BECERRA, OROZIMBA IRIS  
    ;
    Sushma Dahal
    ;
    MATUTE WILLEMSEM, MARIA ISABEL  
    ;
    RUBILAR RAMIREZ, PAOLA ANDREA  
    ;
    Svenn-Erik Mamelund
    The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented economic crisis, intensifying poverty levels in Latin America, particularly in Chile. This study examines the short- and long-term socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on income poverty in Chile, focusing on regional disparities, rurality, ethnicity, educational attainment, and immigration. Using data from the Chile National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) for 2017, 2020, and 2022, we analyzed poverty trends across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. We employed spatial clustering techniques with Local Moran’s I to detect poverty hotspots and applied logistic regression models to identify key sociodemographic factors associated with these hotspots. Our results reveal stark regional disparities, with disproportionately higher poverty rates among rural populations, Indigenous communities, and individuals with lower education levels or immigrant backgrounds. The proportion of individuals in poverty hotspots rose from 6.8% in 2017 to 8.6% in 2020, before slightly declining to 7.7% in 2022. Although emergency monetary subsidies helped reduce overall poverty from 10.8% in 2020 to 6.5% in 2022, these measures were insufficient to address deep-rooted structural inequalities. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, long-term policies that go beyond temporary financial assistance and tackle systemic disparities linked to rurality, ethnicity, education, and immigration. Such measures are essential for achieving sustainable poverty reduction and fostering inclusive economic growth in Chile.
    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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    Cancer plans should consider local needs
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-02)
    Bettina Müller
    ;
    Raul Murillo
      1Scopus© Citations 2
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    Scopus© Citations 23  8
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      3Scopus© Citations 11
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    The impact of government support programs for the development of businesses in Chile
    (2015)
    Christian A. Cancino
    ;
    Claudio A. Bonilla
    ;
    VERGARA FARÍAS, MARCOS ANDRÉS  
    <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact on businesses in Chile of the Seed Capital Program (SCP) implemented by Chile’s Technical Cooperation Services.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>– In order to analyze the impact of this SCP, a counter-factual scenario was used that entailed a combination of the propensity score matching with difference in difference methods. A total of 682 businesses were surveyed (378 in the treatment group and the rest in the control group), 164 of which gave complete responses to the surveys, 89 belonging to the treatment group and 75 to the control group.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>– The results are mixed. On the one hand, the impact of sales is positive but its statistical significance depends on the model used. With regard to the number of employees, however, the results are positive and statistically significant regardless of the model used. The results also show that participating in the program has no incidence on the probability of later obtaining financing.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Research limitations/implications</jats:title><jats:p>– This study highlights the importance of differentiating between opportunity-driven entrepreneurship programs and necessity-driven entrepreneurship programs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Practical implications</jats:title><jats:p>– It also suggests improvements in public policy to develop entrepreneurship in small businesses in Chile. These suggestions may also be interesting for other countries facing similar challenges in terms of developing private entrepreneurship as a vehicle to generate economic development.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-heading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>– This exploratory work may be interesting to those in charge of designing, implementing and evaluating public programs in support of small- and mid-sized enterprise development.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 32  1
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    Scopus© Citations 16  4
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    Socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017)
    (2020)
    Kasim Allel
    ;
    Patricia García
    ;
    Jaime Labarca
    ;
    MUNITA SEPULVEDA, JOSE MANUEL  
    ;
    Magdalena Rendic
    To identify socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017).</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> We reviewed the scientific literature on socioeconomic factors associated with the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Using multivariate regression, we tested findings from the literature drawing from a longitudinal dataset on antimicrobial resistance from 41 major private and public hospitals and a nationally representative household survey in Chile (2008–2017). We estimated resistance rates for three priority antibiotic–bacterium pairs, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; i.e., imipenem and meropenem resistant P. aeruginosa, cloxacillin resistant S. aureus, and cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Evidence from the literature review suggests poverty and material deprivation are important risk factors for the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Most studies found that worse socioeconomic indicators were associated with higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis showed an overall antimicrobial resistance rate of 32.5%, with the highest rates for S. aureus (40.6%) and the lowest for E. coli (25.7%). We found a small but consistent negative association between socioeconomic factors (income, education, and occupation) and overall antimicrobial resistance in univariate (p &lt; 0.01) and multivariate analyses (p &lt; 0.01), driven by resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Socioeconomic factors beyond health care and hospital settings may affect the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Preventing and controlling antimicrobial resistance requires efforts above and beyond reducing antibiotic consumption.
      3Scopus© Citations 29