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    Blowin’ in the Wind: Mapping the Dispersion of Metal(loid)s From Atacama Mining
    (2024)
    Nicolás C. Zanetta‐Colombo
    ;
    Carlos A. Manzano
    ;
    Dagmar Brombierstäudl
    ;
    FLEMING, ZOE LOUISE  
    ;
    Eugenia M. Gayo
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Atacama Desert’s naturally elevated metal(loid)s pose a unique challenge for assessing the environmental impact of mining, particularly for indigenous communities residing in these areas. This study investigates how copper mining influences the dispersion of these elements in the wind‐transportable fraction (&lt;75 μm) of surface sediments across an 80 km radius. We employed a multi‐pronged approach, utilizing spatial modeling to map element distributions, exponential decay analysis to quantify concentration decline with distance, regime shift modeling to identify dispersion pattern variations, and pollution assessment to evaluate impact. Our results reveal significant mining‐driven increases in surface concentrations of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and arsenic (As). Notably, within the first 20 km, concentrations peaked at 1,016 mg kg⁻<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> for Cu, 31 mg kg⁻<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> for Mo, and a remarkable 165 mg kg⁻<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> for As. Cu and Mo displayed significant dispersion, extending up to 50 km from the source. However, As exhibited the most extensive reach, traveling up to 70 km downwind, highlighting the far‐reaching ecological footprint of mining operations. Mineralogical analyses corroborated these findings, identifying mining‐related minerals in surface sediments far beyond the immediate mining area. Although pollution indices based on the proposed Local Geochemical Background reveal significant contamination across the study area, establishing accurate pre‐industrial baseline values is essential for a more reliable assessment. This study challenges the concept of “natural pollution” by demonstrating that human activities exacerbate baseline metal(loid)s levels. Expanding monitoring protocols is imperative to comprehensively assess the combined effects of multiple emission sources, including mining and natural processes, in safeguarding environmental and human health for future generations.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  2
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    Discrepancies in infant feeding recommendations between grandmothers and healthcare providers in rural Mexico
    (2022)
    Paulina Luna
    ;
    Nerli Paredes-Ruvalcaba
    ;
    Tania Valdes
    ;
    Barbara Guerrero
    ;
    Angélica García-Martínez
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Infant feeding practices are rapidly changing within rural areas in Mexico, including indigenous communities. The aim of this study was to compare infant feeding recommendations between grandmothers and healthcare providers, to better understand the factors that may influence these practices within these communities. This study builds on research that recognizes the legacy of colonization as an ongoing process that impacts the lives of people through many pathways, including the substandard healthcare systems available to them.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Qualitative study based on secondary data analysis from interviews and focus groups guided by a socioecological framework conducted in 2018 in two rural, Indigenous communities in Central Mexico. Participants were purposively selected mothers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25), grandmothers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 11), and healthcare providers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) who offered care to children up to two years of age and/or their mothers. Data were coded and thematically analyzed to contrast the different perspectives of infant feeding recommendations and practices between mother, grandmothers, and healthcare providers.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Grandmothers and healthcare providers differed in their beliefs regarding appropriate timing to introduce non-milk foods and duration of breastfeeding. Compared to grandmothers, healthcare providers tended to believe that their recommendations were superior to those from people in the communities and expressed stereotypes reflected in negative attitudes towards mothers who did not follow their recommendations. Grandmothers often passed down advice from previous generations and their own experiences with infant feeding but were also open to learning from healthcare providers through government programs and sharing their knowledge with their daughters and other women. Given the contradictory recommendations from grandmothers and healthcare providers, mothers often were unsure which advice to follow.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>There are important differences between grandmothers and healthcare providers regarding infant feeding recommendations. Healthcare providers may perceive their recommendations as superior given the neocolonial structures of the medical system. Public health policies are needed to address the different recommendations mothers receive from different sources, by harmonizing them and following an evidence-informed approach. Breastfeeding programs need to value and to seek the participation of grandmothers.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 2  2