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    The role of the behavioral immune system in the expression of short and long-term orientation in young Chilean men during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-07)
    FIGUEROA VALDEBENITO, ORIANA CRISTINA  
    ;
    POLO RODRIGO, PABLO  
    ;
    Daniel Torrico-Bazoberry
    ;
    Gabriela Fajardo  
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed people's lives. It had consequences at the individual and social level. The behavioral immune system predicts that when faced with the risk of contagion from pathogens, people tend to reduce their sociality, especially sociosexuality. We examine this prediction by evaluating decreases in the pandemic of the different dimensions of sociosexuality of young men (i.e., short and long-term mating orientation, sexual desire, and sociosexual behavior) and considering their relationship status (single or paired). Methods and materials We compared data from two cross-sectional studies carried out in the laboratory with convenience sampling methods in the pre-pandemic period (in the years 2016 and 2018 with a sample size of N = 463) and pandemic (face-to-face panstudy N = 234,data online, N = 182), considering possible differences between samples of the same period. We reached an N = 879 young men who answered a sociodemographic questioarticipants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire that inclnnaire and the Multidimensional Sociosexual Orientation Inventory. To test our predictions, we fitted general linear models. Results point to a significant decrease in long-term mating orientation in paired and single men, but only when compared with the pandemic face-to-face study. In addition, no differences were found for short-term mating orientation. For sociosexual desire (i.e., sexual fantasies), we found a reduction in single pre-pandemic individuals to be compared with the sample of pandemic online study. Finally, we found a decrease in sociosexual behavior (i.e., number of partners in the last year) between pre-pandemic samples and the pandemic itself, regardless of their relationship status and samples inside of each period. In addition, we carry out analyses with a reduced sample to re-test our predictions based on the perception of contagion risk (measured by a survey from OMS). We find changes are maintained at the level of sociosexual desire and sexual behavior but mainly in those individuals with a greater perception of the risk of contagion. The hypotheses derived from the behavioral immune system regarding the decrease in sociosexuality in a context of risk of contagion by pathogens, as was the case in the initial period of COVID-19, are corroborated only in terms of desire and behavior, which suggests a certain stability in attitudes i.e., the menace of contagion modifies proximal aspects of sociosexuality, such as fantasies and behavior, but has no apparent effect on the calibration of the predisposition of individuals to varying levels of commitment in sexual relationships. These findings will allow us to understand better how the dimensions of sociosexuality (i.e., fantasies, attitudes and behavior) are affected when there are contexts of high risk of contagion, such as COVID-19. These findings will allow us to understand better how sociosexuality is affected when there are contexts of high risk of contagion, such as COVID-19.
      1Scopus© Citations 1
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      2Scopus© Citations 142
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    Where culture meets genetics: Exploring Latina immigrants’ lay beliefs of disease inheritance
    (2021)
    Katie Fiallos
    ;
    Jill Owczarzak
    ;
    Joann Bodurtha
    ;
    Sonia Beatriz Margarit
    ;
    Lori Erby
      4Scopus© Citations 9
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    Frequency of Injury and Illness in the Final 4 Weeks before a Trail Running Competition
    (2021)
    Rubén Gajardo-Burgos
    ;
    Manuel Monrroy-Uarac
    ;
    René Mauricio Barría-Pailaquilén
    ;
    Yessenia Norambuena-Noches
    ;
    Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg
    <jats:p>We aimed to (i) determine self-reported injury and illness frequency in trail runners 4 weeks preceding competition; (ii) compare athletes with and without injury/illness by sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and competition distance; (iii) describe mechanism of injury, anatomical region (injury)/organ system (illness) involved, consequences of injury on preparation and self-perception of injury severity; (iv) compare anatomical region (injury) and organ system (illness) by sex. A total of 654 trail runners (age 36.2, IQR 30.6–43.0; 36.9% females) participated in this retrospective cross-sectional study by completing a self-reported questionnaire. Injury and illness frequency rates were 31.3% (n = 205, CI:27.7–35.0%) and 22.3% (n = 146, CI:19.1–25.7%), respectively. No significant difference was found between injured vs. non-injured or ill vs. non-ill study participants by sex, age, BMI and competition distance. Regarding injuries, gradual onset (41.6%) and knee (33.2%) were the most indicated mechanism and anatomical region of injury. At least 85.4% of trail runners changed their training following injury and 79% indicated that their injury would affect their competition performance. Regarding illness, the respiratory tract was the most frequent organ system involved (82.9%). Male and female participants reported similar proportions of anatomical regions (injury) and organ systems (illness) affected. These results could help to generate education strategies and appropriate medical support before and during these competitions.</jats:p>
      4Scopus© Citations 13
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    Changes in national rates of psychiatric beds and incarceration in Central Eastern Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2019: A retrospective database analysis
    (2021)
    Adrian P Mundt
    ;
    Enzo Rozas Serri
    ;
    Mathias Siebenförcher
    ;
    Valbona Alikaj
    ;
    Fuad Ismayilov
    Scopus© Citations 16  1
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    HEM1 deficiency disrupts mTORC2 and F-actin control in inherited immunodysregulatory disease
    (2020)
    Sarah A. Cook
    ;
    William A. Comrie
    ;
    POLI HARLOWE, MARIA CECILIA BERTA  
    ;
    Morgan Similuk
    ;
    Andrew J. Oler
    <jats:title>An inherited disorder makes WAVEs</jats:title> <jats:p> The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is a multiunit complex that regulates actin cytoskeleton formation. Although other actin-regulatory proteins modulate human immune responses, the precise role for the WRC has not yet been established. Cook <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> studied five patients from four unrelated families who harbor missense variants of the gene encoding the WRC component HEM1. These patients presented with recurrent infections and poor antibody responses, along with enhanced allergic and autoimmune disorders. HEM1 was found to be required for the regulation of cortical actin and granule release in T cells and also interacted with a key metabolic signaling complex contributing to the disease phenotype. By linking these interactions to immune function, this work suggests potential targets for future immunotherapies. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6500" page="202" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="369" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aay5663">202</jats:related-article> </jats:p>
      10Scopus© Citations 94
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    A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
    (2021)
    David Danko
    ;
    Daniela Bezdan
    ;
    Evan E. Afshin
    ;
    Sofia Ahsanuddin
    ;
    Chandrima Bhattacharya
    Scopus© Citations 292  6
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    Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru
    (2022)
    Rosa Montesinos
    ;
    Jose F. Parodi
    ;
    Monica M. Diaz
    ;
    Eder Herrera-Perez
    ;
    Elizabeth Valeriano-Lorenzo
    <jats:p> Dementia in Latin America is a crucial public health problem. Identifying brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools for the primary care setting is crucial, particularly for illiterate individuals. We evaluated tool performance characteristics and validated the free and total recall sections of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-Picture version (FCSRT-Picture) to discriminate between 63 patients with early Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), 60 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 64 cognitively healthy Peruvian individuals with illiteracy from an urban area. Clinical, functional, and cognitive assessments were performed. FCSRT-Picture performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The mean ± standard deviation scores were 7.7 ± 1.0 in ADD, 11.8 ± 1.6 in aMCI, and 29.5 ± 1.8 in controls. The FCSRT-Picture had better performance characteristics for distinguishing controls from aMCI compared with several other BCS tools, but similar characteristics between controls and early ADD. The FCSRT-Picture is a reliable BCS tool for illiteracy in Peru. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 4  1
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    Evaluation of autonomic function: Standards needed are now available
    (2021)
    Renato J. Verdugo
    ;
    José M. Matamala
      5
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    Oxidative Stress Markers in COPD Patients Admitted to Pulmonary Rehabilitation
    (2021)
    Carolina Romero
    ;
    Rodrigo L. Castillo
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pathology, which leads to an irreversible and progressive reduction of the airflow, usually caused by smoking, but only present in 25% of smokers. Some mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of the disease are local and systemic factors such as inflammation, exacerbated immune response and the appearance of oxidative stress. For all these reasons, the use of oxidative stress parameters as progression markers or even as a way to monitor the response of any kind of non-pharmacological interventions, like the use of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), is feasible.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Aims:</jats:title> <jats:p>The study aims to determine markers of oxidative stress levels in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with COPD through the application of a PR protocol.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>The study included 25 patients diagnosed with COPD according to the GOLD criteria with a medical indication of PR and attendance at the gym in San José Hospital, Santiago, Chile. Blood samples were obtained before the start of the protocol, in the 10<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> session, and at the end of the protocol (20<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> session). These samples were stored for oxidative stress determinations: FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), F2-isoprostanes, reduced (GSH)/oxidized (GSSG) ratio and antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocyte. In all stages, associations between events and clinical parameters in patients have been observed. The clinical parameters assessed were the six-minute walking test (6MWT), maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, the BODE index and Saint George’s respiratory questionnaire, which includes quality of life.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>The intracellular and extracellular capacity (GSH/GSSG and FRAP) in patients in PR at the 10<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> session were 53.1 and 34% higher than basal values, respectively. Only the GSH/GSSG ratio was 38.2% lower at the 20<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> session, related in part with higher plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation at baseline. This could be due to the high concentration of reactive oxygen species in the first sessions, which has been reported in the literature as the acute effect of controlled exercise. Blood lipid peroxidation was 43.34 and 58.34% lower at the 10<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> and 20<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> sessions, respectively, demonstrating the improvements in the oxidative parameters with long-term exercise. With respect to oxidative enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase and catalase showed higher values of activity at the 10th and 20th sessions compared to the baseline. In the clinical parameters of the PR, significant changes were found in the BODE index and Saint George’s questionnaire, with these results being associated with a less predictive mortality score and a better understanding of the disease. This may be because the patients achieved longer distances in the 6MWT and better understood the disease at the end of the PR.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>The goal of this study was to contribute to the pathophysiological basis for further research on COPD patients, a disease of high prevalence in Chile. This study could support the basis for non-pharmacological strategies such a PR.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
      2Scopus© Citations 1