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    Immigration, perceived discrimination and mental health: evidence from Venezuelan population living in Peru
    (2021)
    Benoît Mougenot
    ;
    Elard Amaya
    ;
    Edward Mezones-Holguin
    ;
    Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
    ;
    CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ  
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country. This study evaluates the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems in Venezuelan population living in Peru.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Method</jats:title> <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey 2018, a nationally representative urban sample aimed at collecting information on several dimensions of Venezuelan population wellbeing. We applied logistic regression models to assess the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems. Moreover, we applied the propensity score matching method as a robustness check of our results.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Of 9487 Venezuelans surveyed, 6806 included complete information. From this sample, 6.3% reported mental health problems related to fear, anger, anxiety, or stress. Logistic regression models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against had 2.4 higher odds of presenting mental health problems than their non-discriminated counterparts. Moreover, propensity score matching models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against increased by 3.5 percentage points their probability of presenting mental health problems compared to their non-discriminated counterparts.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>There is evidence that self-perceived discrimination is associated with mental health deterioration in Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Our findings are relevant in the current geopolitical context and could be useful in the decision making processes in international health.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 41  1
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    Differences in cortical processing of facial emotions in broader autism phenotype
    (2022)
    SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA  
    ;
    Brice Beffara-Bret
    ;
    Lorena Vargas
    ;
    Francisco Aboitiz
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    <jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects face perception. Evidence shows that there are differences in face perception associated with the processing of low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF) of visual stimuli between non-symptomatic relatives of individuals with autism (broader autism phenotype, BAP) and typically developing individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in these differences are not fully understood. Here we tested whether face-sensitive event related potentials could serve as neuronal markers of differential spatial frequency processing, and whether these potentials could differentiate non-symptomatic parents of children with autism (pASD) from parents of typically developing children (pTD). To this end, we performed electroencephalographic recordings of both groups of parents while they had to recognize emotions of face pictures composed of the same or different emotions (happiness or anger) presented in different spatial frequencies. We found no significant differences in the accuracy between groups but lower amplitude modulation in the Late Positive Potential activity in pASD. Source analysis showed a difference in the right posterior part of the superior temporal region that correlated with ASD symptomatology of the child. These results reveal differences in brain processing of recognition of facial emotion in BAP that could be a precursor of ASD.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 6
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    Inside minds, beneath diseases: social cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorder
    (2020)
    Patricia Lillo
    ;
    Paulo Caramelli
    ;
    Gada Musa
    ;
    Teresa Parrao
    ;
    Ricardo Hughes
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To compare social cognition performance between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and those patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We included 21 participants with ALS, 20 with bvFTD and 21 healthy controls who underwent a comprehensive cognitive battery, including the short version of the Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment (Mini-SEA), which comprises the <jats:italic>faux pas</jats:italic> test and Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT); Mini-Mental State Examination; Frontal Assessment Battery; lexical fluency (F-A-S), category fluency (animals/minute), digit span (direct and backwards) tests and the Hayling test. A post hoc analysis was conducted with the patients with ALS divided into two subgroups: patients without cognitive impairment (ALScn; n=13) and patients with cognitive impairment (ALSci; n=8).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>No significant difference was noted between participant groups in terms of the age, sex and education. ALS-total group and patients with bvFTD had similar disease durations. Patients with ALSci performed poorly when compared with controls with regard to the FERT (p&lt;0.001), the <jats:italic>faux pas</jats:italic> (p&lt;0.004) and the Mini-SEA (p&lt;0.002) total scores. Moreover, patients with bvFTD performed poorly in comparison with controls in executive and social cognition tests. The performance of patients with ALSci was similar to that of patients with bvFTD, while the performance of patients with ALScn was similar to that of controls.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support a cognitive continuum between ALS and bvFTD and shed light on the cognitive heterogeneity of ALS, expanding its possible neuropsychological profiles.</jats:p></jats:sec>
      8Scopus© Citations 9