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Chronic hypoxia upregulates adenosine 2a receptor expression in chromaffin cells via hypoxia inducible factor-2α: Role in modulating secretion
(Elsevier BV, 2011-09)
Stephen T. Brown
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REYES ARAMBURU, EDISON PABLO
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Colin A. Nurse
Scopus© Citations 17 2
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Heterogeneous factors influence social cognition across diverse settings in brain health and age-related diseases
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-01-02)
Sol Fittipaldi
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Agustina Legaz
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Marcelo Maito
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Hernan Hernandez
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Florencia Altschuler
Aging diminishes social cognition, and changes in this capacity can indicate brain diseases. However, the relative contribution of age, diagnosis and brain reserve to social cognition, especially among older adults and in global settings, remains unclear when considering other factors. Here, using a computational approach, we combined predictors of social cognition from a diverse sample of 1,063 older adults across nine countries. Emotion recognition, mentalizing and overall social cognition were predicted via support vector regressions from various factors, including diagnosis (subjective cognitive complaints, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia), demographics, cognition/executive function, brain reserve and motion artifacts from functional magnetic resonance imaging recordings. Higher cognitive/executive functions and education ranked among the top predictors, outweighing age, diagnosis and brain reserve. Network connectivity did not show predictive values. The results challenge traditional interpretations of age-related decline, patient–control differences and brain associations of social cognition, emphasizing the importance of heterogeneous factors.
Scopus© Citations 31 1
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Dataset - Prevalence Distribution of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the City of Osorno (Chile) in 2018, and Its Association with Fine Particulate Matter PM2.5 Air Pollution
(2024)
REYES ARAMBURU, EDISON PABLO
2
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Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-12-27)
Agustina Legaz
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Florencia Altschuler
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Raul Gonzalez-Gomez
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Hernán Hernández
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Sandra Baez
Scopus© Citations 10 3
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Educational disparities in brain health and dementia across Latin America and the United States
(2024)
Raul Gonzalez‐Gomez
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Agustina Legaz
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Sebastián Moguilner
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Josephine Cruzat
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Hernán Hernández
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND</jats:title><jats:p>Education influences brain health and dementia. However, its impact across regions, specifically Latin America (LA) and the United States (US), is unknown.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1412 participants comprising controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) from LA and the US were included. We studied the association of education with brain volume and functional connectivity while controlling for imaging quality and variability, age, sex, total intracranial volume (TIV), and recording type.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>Education influenced brain measures, explaining 24%–98% of the geographical differences. The educational disparities between LA and the US were associated with gray matter volume and connectivity variations, especially in LA and AD patients. Education emerged as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION</jats:title><jats:p>The results underscore the impact of education on brain structure and function in LA, highlighting the importance of incorporating educational factors into diagnosing, care, and prevention, and emphasizing the need for global diversity in research.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Lower education was linked to reduced brain volume and connectivity in healthy controls (HCs), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Latin American cohorts have lower educational levels compared to the those in the United States.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Educational disparities majorly drive brain health differences between regions.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Educational differences were significant in both conditions, but more in AD than FTLD.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Education stands as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 15 2
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Author Correction: Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations
(2024)
Sebastian Moguilner
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Sandra Baez
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Hernan Hernandez
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Joaquín Migeot
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Agustina Legaz
9Scopus© Citations 1
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Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations
(2024)
Sebastian Moguilner
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Sandra Baez
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Hernan Hernandez
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Joaquín Migeot
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Agustina Legaz
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of diversity (including geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex and neurodegeneration) on the brain-age gap is unknown. We analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) and 8 non-LAC countries). Based on higher-order interactions, we developed a brain-age gap deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (2,953) and electroencephalography (2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (functional magnetic resonance imaging: mean directional error = 5.60, root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) = 11.91; electroencephalography: mean directional error = 5.34, r.m.s.e. = 9.82) associated with frontoposterior networks compared with non-LAC models. Structural socioeconomic inequality, pollution and health disparities were influential predictors of increased brain-age gaps, especially in LAC (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>² = 0.37, <jats:italic>F</jats:italic>² = 0.59, r.m.s.e. = 6.9). An ascending brain-age gap from healthy controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger brain-age gaps in females in control and Alzheimer disease groups compared with the respective males. The results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics or acquisition methods. These findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the diversity of accelerated brain aging.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 33 2
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Prevalence Distribution of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the City of Osorno (Chile) in 2018, and Its Association with Fine Particulate Matter PM2.5 Air Pollution
(2024)
Ricardo Fernández
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Romina Peña
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Jaime Bravo-Alvarado
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Kevin R. Maisey
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REYES ARAMBURU, EDISON PABLO
<jats:p>Outdoor air pollution and biomass smoke exposure are related to the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since Osorno, Chile, is saturated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), the aim of this work is to determine the prevalence distribution of COPD patients in the Primary Health Care (PHC) system in the city of Osorno, and its relationship with PM2.5. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on COPD patients enrolled in the six PHC centers (PHCCs) of the city to assess the adjusted prevalence (population over 40 years). Gender- and territory-associated odds ratios (ORs) were also determined. In addition, an urban analysis of the distribution of PM2.5 and an exploratory analysis of the spatial behavior of enrolled COPD patients through featured binning were carried out. In 2018, the city of Osorno had 809 enrolled COPD patients in the PHC system (55.1% female), with a 1.3% age-adjusted prevalence (inhabitants over 40 years old), which was 11.7% after underdiagnosis correction. The COPD patients were mainly between 70 and 79 years old (34.3%). The urban area under the administration of the PHCC Rahue Alto (PHCC-RA) had a higher OR (1.98 [1.73–2.26]) compared to the situation of the city. Also, air pollution (PM2.5) was the highest in the PHCC-RA area, which could account for the observed prevalence. The number of COPD patients in this area is the highest in the commune, which increases the risk of complications derived from the disease and air pollution. Thus, territories with the highest COPD prevalence have the largest OR, which could complicate patients’ condition due to the high levels of outdoor air pollution.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 1 1
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Comparison of achievement in anamnesis skills in on-site and online formative Objective Structured Clinical Exam
(2023)
Mariana Jadue
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Pilar Munitiz
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Luz-María Torres
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Marcelo Blacutt
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Soledad Armijo-Rivera
<jats:p>Introduction: anamnesis is an initial step of the clinical reasoning process, which is taught throughout interviews to real or simulated patients. Its evaluation through OSCEs is widely disseminated, and in the context of a pandemic, the OSCE was adapted to be administered online. Objective: to compare the levels of achievement in anamnesis skills of two cohorts of medical students in formative OSCEs of semiology in on-site and online modality. Methods: using a blueprint established in 2017 and implemented for three years, competencies were identified that could be trained and evaluated online in third-year medical students. Telesimulations were performed with role play for anamnesis ability. Guided by a tutor, each student participated in 10 telesimulated anamnesis with peer roleplay and one anamnesis with a simulated pacientent. All of it in groups of 6 students. A formative TeleOSCE was implemented, evaluating the same skills of the year 2019 in a face-to-face training instance. In 2019 and 2020, 92 and 91 students participated respectively. The students' performance was compared in three identical scenarios. Results: at the cough, acute diarrhea, and knee pain screening scenarios, students in the 2020 cohort performed better than those in the 2019 cohort (p<0,001). Conclusions: for the development of anamnesis skill in third-year medical students, telesimulation-based teaching allows students to demonstrate adequate performance on a practical assessment administered online via TeleOSCE.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 3 7
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LPS-Induced c-Fos Activation in NTS Neurons and Plasmatic Cortisol Increases in Septic Rats Are Suppressed by Bilateral Carotid Chemodenervation
(2012)
REYES ARAMBURU, EDISON PABLO
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Sebastián Abarzúa
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Aldo Martin
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Jorge Rodríguez
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Paula P. Cortés
2Scopus© Citations 22

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