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Degeneracy in the neurological model of auditory speech repetition
(2023)
Noor Sajid
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Justyna O. Ekert
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
;
Thomas M. H. Hope
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Both classic and contemporary models of auditory word repetition involve at least four left hemisphere regions: primary auditory cortex for processing sounds; pSTS (within Wernicke’s area) for processing auditory images of speech; pOp (within Broca’s area) for processing motor images of speech; and primary motor cortex for overt speech articulation. Previous functional-MRI (fMRI) studies confirm that auditory repetition activates these regions, in addition to many others. Crucially, however, contemporary models do not specify how regions interact and drive each other during auditory repetition. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling, to test the functional interplay among the four core brain regions during single auditory word and pseudoword repetition. Our analysis is grounded in the principle of degeneracy—i.e., many-to-one structure-function relationships—where multiple neural pathways can execute the same function. Contrary to expectation, we found that, for both word and pseudoword repetition, (i) the effective connectivity between pSTS and pOp was predominantly bidirectional and inhibitory; (ii) activity in the motor cortex could be driven by either pSTS or pOp; and (iii) the latter varied both within and between individuals. These results suggest that different neural pathways can support auditory speech repetition. This degeneracy may explain resilience to functional loss after brain damage.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 3 2
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Speeches in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a qualitative study about the disorder experiencing
(2014)
Claudia Cruzat Mandich
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Fernanda Díaz Castrillón
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Javiera Aylwin Navarro
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Andrea García Troncoso
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Rosa Behar Astudillo
Scopus© Citations 5 2
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Enhanced left superior parietal activation during successful speech production in patients with left dorsal striatal damage and error-prone neurotypical participants
(2022)
Sharon Geva
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Letitia M Schneider
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Shamima Khan
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Diego L Lorca-Puls
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Functional imaging studies of neurotypical adults report activation in the left putamen during speech production. The current study asked how stroke survivors with left putamen damage are able to produce correct spoken responses during a range of speech production tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, activation during correct speech production responses was assessed in 5 stroke patients with circumscribed left dorsal striatal lesions, 66 stroke patient controls who did not have focal left dorsal striatal lesions, and 54 neurotypical adults. As a group, patients with left dorsal striatal damage (our patients of interest) showed higher activation than neurotypical controls in the left superior parietal cortex during successful speech production. This effect was not specific to patients with left dorsal striatal lesions as we observed enhanced activation in the same region in some patient controls and also in more error-prone neurotypical participants. Our results strongly suggest that enhanced left superior parietal activation supports speech production in diverse challenging circumstances, including those caused by stroke damage. They add to a growing body of literature indicating how upregulation within undamaged parts of the neural systems already recruited by neurotypical adults contributes to recovery after stroke.</jats:p>
1Scopus© Citations 2 1
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A functional dissociation of the left frontal regions that contribute to single word production tasks
(2021)
Justyna O. Ekert
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Jennifer T. Crinion
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Thomas M.H. Hope
Scopus© Citations 10 2
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Dissociating the functions of three left posterior superior temporal regions that contribute to speech perception and production
(2021)
Justyna O. Ekert
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GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Diego L. Lorca-Puls
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Thomas M.H. Hope
;
Fred Dick
Scopus© Citations 11 1
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The Inexhaustible Experience of the Inner Voice: An Answer to Marioka (2023), Fadeev (2023) and Machková (2023)
(2023)
FOSSA ARCILA, PABLO SEBASTIAN
25Scopus© Citations 2
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Globus Pallidus Internus (GPi) Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: Expert Review and Commentary
(2020)
Ka Loong Kelvin Au
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Joshua K. Wong
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Takashi Tsuboi
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Robert S. Eisinger
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Kathryn Moore
1Scopus© Citations 62
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Damage to Broca’s area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke
(2021)
GAJARDO VIDAL, ANDREA ELIZABETH
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Diego L Lorca-Puls
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PLORAS team
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Holly Warner
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Bawan Pshdary
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Broca’s area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has long been thought to be critical for speech production. The current view is that long-term speech production outcome in patients with Broca’s area damage is best explained by the combination of damage to Broca’s area and neighbouring regions including the underlying white matter, which was also damaged in Paul Broca’s two historic cases. Here, we dissociate the effect of damage to Broca’s area from the effect of damage to surrounding areas by studying long-term speech production outcome in 134 stroke survivors with relatively circumscribed left frontal lobe lesions that spared posterior speech production areas in lateral inferior parietal and superior temporal association cortices. Collectively, these patients had varying degrees of damage to one or more of nine atlas-based grey or white matter regions: Brodmann areas 44 and 45 (together known as Broca’s area), ventral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula, putamen, the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and frontal aslant tract. Spoken picture description scores from the Comprehensive Aphasia Test were used as the outcome measure. Multiple regression analyses allowed us to tease apart the contribution of other variables influencing speech production abilities such as total lesion volume and time post-stroke. We found that, in our sample of patients with left frontal damage, long-term speech production impairments (lasting beyond 3 months post-stroke) were solely predicted by the degree of damage to white matter, directly above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus, with no contribution from the degree of damage to Broca’s area (as confirmed with Bayesian statistics). The effect of white matter damage cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca’s area, because speech production scores were worse after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus with relative sparing of Broca’s area than after damage to Broca’s area with relative sparing of the anterior arcuate fasciculus. Our findings provide evidence for three novel conclusions: (i) Broca’s area damage does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after left frontal lobe strokes; (ii) persistent speech production impairments after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca’s area; and (iii) the prior association between persistent speech production impairments and Broca’s area damage can be explained by co-occurring white matter damage, above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 105 1
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Técnicas y manejo de la presión del cuff en pacientes adultos con vía aérea artificial por fonoaudiólogos en Chile
(2022)
Felipe Gonzalo Rosales Lillo
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Giovanna Monichi Valdenegro
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Francisca Miranda Llanos
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Fabiola Marín Garrido
<jats:p>Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal que tiene como objetivo describir el manejo de las presiones y las técnicas de insuflación del cuff empleadas por fonoaudiólogos en Chile en pacientes adultos con vía aérea artificial. La población fue de profesionales con experiencia en la atención de pacientes adultos con vía aérea artificial en instituciones de salud en Chile, mientras que la muestra fue a conveniencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea sobre manejo de presión del cuff en usuarios adultos con vía aérea artificial que contenía variables numéricas y categóricas. Se realizó análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Ético Científico de la Universidad del Desarrollo. El 98% de los participantes utiliza técnica objetiva. El 46% usa técnicas subjetivas siendo la más utilizada la de palpación digital. El 54% utiliza técnicas simultáneamente durante la atención de los usuarios. La mediana de la presión mínima usada fue de 25 centímetros de agua y la máxima de 32 centímetros de agua. Hubo diferencia significativa entre las presiones mínimas usadas por los participantes de hospitales públicos tipo 1 versus los de clínicas privadas. Se concluye que los valores mínimos y máximos de presión del cuff reportados por los participantes en Chile podrían ser poco seguros durante la atención de pacientes adultos con vía aérea artificial. Se suma a ello la utilización de técnicas subjetivas. Se sugiere seguimiento de literatura reciente, actualización de protocolos, desarrollo de guía nacional y revisión de protocolos institucionales en otros países.</jats:p>
32Scopus© Citations 1
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The Effect of Right Temporal Lobe Gliomas on Left and Right Hemisphere Neural Processing During Speech Perception and Production Tasks
(2022)
Adam Kenji Yamamoto
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Ana Sanjuán
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Rebecca Pope
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Oiwi Parker Jones
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Thomas M. H. Hope
Using fMRI, we investigated how right temporal lobe gliomas affecting the posterior superior temporal sulcus alter neural processing observed during speech perception and production tasks. Behavioural language testing showed that three pre-operative neurosurgical patients with grade 2, grade 3 or grade 4 tumours had the same pattern of mild language impairment in the domains of object naming and written word comprehension. When matching heard words for semantic relatedness (a speech perception task), these patients showed under-activation in the tumour infiltrated right superior temporal lobe compared to 61 neurotypical participants and 16 patients with tumours that preserved the right postero-superior temporal lobe, with enhanced activation within the (tumour-free) contralateral left superior temporal lobe. In contrast, when correctly naming objects (a speech production task), the patients with right postero-superior temporal lobe tumours showed higher activation than both control groups in the same right postero-superior temporal lobe region that was under-activated during auditory semantic matching. The task dependent pattern of under-activation during the auditory speech task and over-activation during object naming was also observed in eight stroke patients with right hemisphere infarcts that affected the right postero-superior temporal lobe compared to eight stroke patients with right hemisphere infarcts that spared it. These task-specific and site-specific cross-pathology effects highlight the importance of the right temporal lobe for language processing and motivate further study of how right temporal lobe tumours affect language performance and neural reorganisation. These findings may have important implications for surgical management of these patients, as knowledge of the regions showing functional reorganisation may help to avoid their inadvertent damage during neurosurgery.
10Scopus© Citations 8

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