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    Water Security and Multi-Sector Trade-Offs Under Climate Change: A Hydro-Economic Model for the Biobío River Basin, Chile
    (World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-03-29)
    Francisco Fernández Jorquera
    ;
    Esteban Arias Montevechio
    ;
    María Victoria Ferrera Cordero
    ;
    Mauricio Leiva
    ;
    Pablo S. González
    Water availability has been declining in recent years due to climate change. These decreases, in conjunction with rising temperatures and environmental changes, affect the behavior of various stakeholders, increasing the competition among water-consuming sectors to obtain this limited resource. In this study, we perform a hydro-economic model to analyze how the agricultural and residential sectors adapt to diverse climatic, social and regulation changes, using the Biobío basin in southern Chile as the case study. The model quantifies their economic welfare derived from using water as an input for their cropping activities and direct consumption, respectively, while maintaining environmental flows, rural drinking water, and supporting tourism activities. Furthermore, we assess the economic effects of increasing water security for the environment and tourism sectors. Results show that climate change and water security policies will have heterogeneous effects on water-consuming agents across different basin levels — higher-, medium-, and lower-basin levels — with the greatest effects being addressed by the higher-level basin. This heterogeneity is observed not only within the basin levels but also across economic sectors, being the agricultural sector significantly more affected by these policies than the residential sector. We conclude our analysis by suggesting that policymakers should tailor compensation measures to the most affected communities. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  6
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    Prevalence and Distribution of Salmonella in Water Bodies in South America: A Systematic Review
    (MDPI AG, 2025-02-22)
    Makarena Sofia Gonzalez Reyes
    ;
    Rayana Santos Araujo Palharini
    ;
    Felipe Ferreira Monteiro
    ;
    Salvador Ayala
    ;
    Eduardo A. Undurraga
    The presence of Salmonella in rivers, lakes, or beaches in South America represents a challenge to public health and aquatic ecosystems. This review explores the distribution, prevalence, and the main factors contributing to the survival and spread of Salmonella, including wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, and climatic variables such as high temperatures and precipitation. These factors also facilitate the distribution of multidrug-resistant strains in water. The review is based on bibliographic searches in various databases, focusing on Salmonella species, South American countries, and types of water bodies. Predominant serovars include S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, with S. Typhi and S. Panama frequently detected in Chile, S. Enteritidis in Argentina, and S. Typhimurium in Brazil. Less common serovars, including S. Dublin and S. Paratyphi B, were identified, along with subspecies such as diarizonae and houtenae. These findings highlight the role of environmental, physicochemical, and anthropogenic factors influencing Salmonella dynamics. The review identifies research gaps, advocating for further studies to better understand the interactions between Salmonella, climate change, and human activity. Strengthening surveillance and mitigation strategies is crucial to protect water resources and public health in South America.
    Scopus© Citations 3  1
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    Role of mountain glaciers in the hydrological dynamics of headwater basins in the Wet Andes
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-03)
    Elizabet Lizama
    ;
    Marcelo Somos-Valenzuela
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    RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS  
    ;
    Mario Lillo
    ;
    Bastian Morales
      13
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    The risk of high-biomass HABs: Triggers and dynamics of a non-toxic bloom of Prorocentrum micans in Chilean Patagonia
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-01)
    Patricio A. Díaz
    ;
    Leila Basti
    ;
    Iván Pérez-Santos
    ;
    Camila Schwerter
    ;
    Osvaldo Artal
      7
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    Socio-Hydrological Agent-Based Modeling as a Framework for Analyzing Conflicts Within Water User Organizations
    (2024)
    Mario Lillo-Saavedra
    ;
    Pablo Velásquez-Cisterna
    ;
    Ángel García-Pedrero
    ;
    Marcela Salgado-Vargas
    ;
    RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS  
    Water resource management in agriculture faces complex challenges due to increasing scarcity, exacerbated by climate change, and the intensification of conflicts among various user groups. This study addresses the issue of predicting and managing these conflicts in the Longaví River Basin, Chile, by considering the intricate interactions between hydrological, social, and economic factors. A socio-hydrological agent-based model (SHABM) was developed, integrating hydrological, economic, and behavioral data. The methodology combined fieldwork with computational modeling, characterizing three types of agents (selfish, neutral, and cooperative) and simulating scenarios with varying levels of water availability and oversight across three water user organizations (WUOs). The key findings revealed that (1) selfish agents are more likely to disregard irrigation schedules under conditions of scarcity and low supervision; (2) high supervision (90%) significantly reduces conflicts; (3) water scarcity exacerbates non-cooperative behaviors; (4) high-risk conflict areas can be identified; and (5) behavioral patterns stabilize after the third year of simulation. This work demonstrates the potential of SHABM as a decision-making tool in water management, enabling the proactive identification of conflict-prone areas and the evaluation of management strategies.
      7Scopus© Citations 5
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    Scopus© Citations 1  1
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      8Scopus© Citations 44
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    Modelamiento hidro-económico de los efectos del cambio climático y política en la agricultura andina
    (2023)
    Marianella Crispin Cunya
    ;
    PONCE OLIVA, ROBERTO DANIEL  
    ;
    Eric Rendon Schneir
    ;
    Esteban Eduardo Arias Montevechio
    <jats:p>El cambio climático viene afectando de manera diferenciada a la agricultura, en particular, en la zona andina, dada su alta exposición, sensibilidad y baja capacidad adaptativa. Se evaluó la respuesta adaptativa de la agricultura andina frente a una variación de la disponibilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático en base al modelo hidro-económico que integra dos módulos: el modelamiento hidrológico en base al SWAT y un modelo económico de optimización en base al PMP. Se determinó una alta vulnerabilidad agrícola frente al cambio climático situación que podría revertirse al aplicar una política agraria en base al uso eficiente del agua.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 2
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      3
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    Cambio climático y planificación urbana: desafíos y oportunidades para la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica
    (2021)
    Robert Currie Ríos
    ;
    Gonzalo Pérez González
    <jats:p>El cambio climático afecta severamente a las ciudades y sus habitantes. Sus&#x0D; efectos en los centros urbanos —aumento de la temperatura, olas de calor, islas de calor&#x0D; urbanas, desastres naturales, escasez de bienes y alimentos, e inundaciones— impactan&#x0D; en la salud de la población y se ven exacerbados en un contexto de pandemia. En este escenario, los instrumentos que regulan el territorio requieren de una mirada estratégica&#x0D; que permita una planificación urbana que integre la variable climática con el objetivo de&#x0D; reducir la vulnerabilidad y fortalecer la resiliencia de las ciudades, al mismo tiempo que&#x0D; estas contribuyen en la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero. En este sentido, nuestro trabajo examina el marco jurídico de la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica y el rol que&#x0D; cumple para integrar las diversas visiones sobre el territorio, contribuyendo a lograr una&#x0D; planificación que armonice las distintas escalas territoriales. Asimismo, describimos el&#x0D; apoyo que este instrumento le brinda al órgano responsable para la incorporación de&#x0D; consideraciones de adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático durante el proceso&#x0D; de elaboración del instrumento de ordenamiento territorial respectivo. Finalmente, revisamos algunos desafíos y oportunidades para este instrumento de gestión ambiental,&#x0D; destacando la relevancia de su aplicación transversal a los instrumentos de planificación&#x0D; y ordenamiento territorial, así como el involucramiento activo de la ciudadanía.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 10  8