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    Item type:Publication,
    Characterization of microbial communities from gut microbiota of hypercholesterolemic and control subjects
    (2022)
    Cristian Morales
    ;
    Gabriel Rojas
    ;
    Camilo Rebolledo
    ;
    Marcelo Rojas-Herrera
    ;
    Raúl Arias-Carrasco
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, several studies have evidenced the importance of the microbiome to host physiology as metabolism regulator, along with its potential role in triggering various diseases. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic (cases) and normocholesterolemic (controls) individuals to identify characteristic microbial signature for each condition.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Stool samples were obtained from 57 adult volunteers (27 hypercholesterolemic and 30 controls). The taxonomic profiling of microbial communities was performed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons, followed by data analysis using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were observed in weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). LEfSe showed differentially abundant prokaryotic taxa (α=0.05, LDA score &amp;gt; 2.0) in the group of hypercholesterolemic individuals (<jats:italic>Methanosphaera</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rothia</jats:italic>, Chromatiales, Clostridiales, Bacillaceae and Coriobacteriaceae) and controls (<jats:italic>Faecalibacterium</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Victivallis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Selenomonas)</jats:italic> at various taxonomic levels. In addition, through the application of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2), the predominance of pathways related to biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemic patients was established, compared to controls in which degradation pathways were predominant. Finally, in the analysis of co-occurrence networks, it was possible to identify associations between the microorganisms present in both studied groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Our results point out to unique microbial signatures, which likely play a role on the cholesterol metabolism in the studied population.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 10  2
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    Brain structural parameters correlate with University Selection Test outcomes in Chilean high school graduates
    (2022)
    Daniza Ivanovic
    ;
    ZAMORANO M, FRANCISCO JAVIER
    ;
    SOTO ICAZA, PATRICIA  
    ;
    Tatiana Rojas
    ;
    Atilio Almagià
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>How well students learn and perform in academic contexts is a focus of interest for the students, their families, and the entire educational system. Although evidence has shown that several neurobiological factors are involved in scholastic achievement (SA), specific brain measures associated with academic outcomes and whether such associations are independent of other factors remain unclear. This study attempts to identify the relationship between brain structural parameters, and the Chilean national University Selection Test (PSU) results in high school graduates within a multidimensional approach that considers socio-economic, intellectual, nutritional, and demographic variables. To this end, the brain morphology of a sample of 102 students who took the PSU test was estimated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anthropometric parameters, intellectual ability (IA), and socioeconomic status (SES) were also measured. The results revealed that, independently of sex, IA, gray matter volume, right inferior frontal gyrus thickness, and SES were significantly associated with SA. These findings highlight the role of nutrition, health, and socioeconomic variables in academic success.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 4  2