CRIS

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://investigadores.udd.cl/handle/123456789/1

Browse

Settings

Access type: UnknownSubject: search.filters.subject.anterior cingulate

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
    (2023)
    André Zugman
    ;
    Luz María Alliende
    ;
    Vicente Medel
    ;
    Richard A.I. Bethlehem
    ;
    Jakob Seidlitz
    <jats:p>Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 38  5
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Conceptualization, Tasks and Neurobiological Correlates of Self-Regulation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2015-2020)
    (2022)
    LARRAIN VALENZUELA, MARIA JOSEFINA  
    ;
    Francisca Mardones
    ;
    Elisa Ansoleaga
    ;
    Leonie Kausel
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Self-regulation is a complex capacity that favors the modification of behavior in accordance with environmental demands.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>This article aims to review the scientific literature that conceptualizes self-regulation, analyze its potential latent dimensions, identify the instruments used to measure this construct and the empirical findings associated with its neurobiological correlates.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2015 and 2020. We include 29 empirical studies on children and adolescents self-regulatory capacity after combining the words self-regulation with cognition, brain and neurosciences.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>Most of the articles included are from North America. A PICOS analysis was performed to increase understanding of self-regulatory capacity. Two dimensions of self-regulation are identified, contributing to a more global conceptualization of the concept of self-regulation; A cognitive dimension associated with executive functions, effortful control and inhibitory control, among others, and a dimension associated with personality, including traits such as irritability, impulsivity, openness and hyperactivity. Next, the instruments used to measure self-regulation are described, followed by a report of the important neurobiological findings, specifically, activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Self-regulatory capacity is associated with a complex functioning that favors adaptive behavior and has neurobiological correlates.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 2  7
  • Loading...
    Thumbnail Image
    Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    consent settings
    Item type:Publication,
    Allostatic-Interoceptive Overload in Frontotemporal Dementia
    (2022)
    Agustina Birba
    ;
    Hernando Santamaría-García
    ;
    Pavel Prado
    ;
    Josefina Cruzat
    ;
    Agustín Sainz Ballesteros
    Scopus© Citations 54  1