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    Estudio Morfológico de los Segundos Molares Temporales Maxilares Chilenos Mediante Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico
    (SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2024-12)
    Carla Soto
    ;
    Macarena Rodríguez
    ;
    Julio Figueroa
    ;
    Alejandro Neira
    ;
    Patricio Meléndez
      2
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      35  1Scopus© Citations 10
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    Frequency of Injury and Illness in the Final 4 Weeks before a Trail Running Competition
    (2021)
    Rubén Gajardo-Burgos
    ;
    Manuel Monrroy-Uarac
    ;
    René Mauricio Barría-Pailaquilén
    ;
    Yessenia Norambuena-Noches
    ;
    Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg
    <jats:p>We aimed to (i) determine self-reported injury and illness frequency in trail runners 4 weeks preceding competition; (ii) compare athletes with and without injury/illness by sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and competition distance; (iii) describe mechanism of injury, anatomical region (injury)/organ system (illness) involved, consequences of injury on preparation and self-perception of injury severity; (iv) compare anatomical region (injury) and organ system (illness) by sex. A total of 654 trail runners (age 36.2, IQR 30.6–43.0; 36.9% females) participated in this retrospective cross-sectional study by completing a self-reported questionnaire. Injury and illness frequency rates were 31.3% (n = 205, CI:27.7–35.0%) and 22.3% (n = 146, CI:19.1–25.7%), respectively. No significant difference was found between injured vs. non-injured or ill vs. non-ill study participants by sex, age, BMI and competition distance. Regarding injuries, gradual onset (41.6%) and knee (33.2%) were the most indicated mechanism and anatomical region of injury. At least 85.4% of trail runners changed their training following injury and 79% indicated that their injury would affect their competition performance. Regarding illness, the respiratory tract was the most frequent organ system involved (82.9%). Male and female participants reported similar proportions of anatomical regions (injury) and organ systems (illness) affected. These results could help to generate education strategies and appropriate medical support before and during these competitions.</jats:p>
      4Scopus© Citations 13
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    Anatomical dissociation of intracerebral signals for reward and punishment prediction errors in humans
    (2021)
    Maëlle C. M. Gueguen
    ;
    Alizée Lopez-Persem
    ;
    BILLEKE BOBADILLA, PABLO ERNESTO  
    ;
    Jean-Philippe Lachaux
    ;
    Sylvain Rheims
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Whether maximizing rewards and minimizing punishments rely on distinct brain systems remains debated, given inconsistent results coming from human neuroimaging and animal electrophysiology studies. Bridging the gap across techniques, we recorded intracerebral activity from twenty participants while they performed an instrumental learning task. We found that both reward and punishment prediction errors (PE), estimated from computational modeling of choice behavior, correlate positively with broadband gamma activity (BGA) in several brain regions. In all cases, BGA scaled positively with the outcome (reward or punishment versus nothing) and negatively with the expectation (predictability of reward or punishment). However, reward PE were better signaled in some regions (such as the ventromedial prefrontal and lateral orbitofrontal cortex), and punishment PE in other regions (such as the anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). These regions might therefore belong to brain systems that differentially contribute to the repetition of rewarded choices and the avoidance of punished choices.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 48  1
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    Scopus© Citations 5  1
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      19
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    Scopus© Citations 3  4