Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics in Chilean Shigella sonnei Strains Within Two Decades: Role of Shigella Resistance Locus Pathogenicity Island and Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons
Journal
Frontiers in Microbiology
ISSN
1664-302X
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Cecilia S. Toro
Juan Carlos Salazar
David A. Montero
Juan Antonio Ugalde
Janepsy Díaz
Leandro A. Cádiz
Tania Henríquez
Camila García
Patricia Díaz
Rossanna Camponovo
Germán Hermosilla
María Teresa Ulloa
Type
Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
URL Institutional Repository
Abstract
Shigellosis is an enteric infectious disease in which antibiotic treatment is effective, shortening the duration of symptoms and reducing the excretion of the pathogen into the environment. <jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic> spp., the etiologic agent, are considered emerging pathogens with a high public health impact due to the increase and global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Since <jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic> resistance phenotype varies worldwide, we present an overview of the resistance phenotypes and associated genetic determinants present in 349 Chilean <jats:italic>S. sonnei</jats:italic> strains isolated during the periods 1995–1997, 2002–2004, 2008–2009, and 2010–2013. We detected a great variability in antibiotic susceptibility patterns, finding 300 (86%) MDR strains. Mobile genetic elements (MGE), such as plasmids, integrons, and genomic islands, have been associated with the MDR phenotypes. The <jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic> resistance locus pathogenicity island (SRL PAI), which encodes for ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistance genes, was detected by PCR in 100% of the strains isolated in 2008–2009 but was less frequent in isolates from other periods. The presence or absence of SRL PAI was also differentiated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. An atypical class 1 integron which harbors the <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA–1</jats:sub><jats:italic>-aadA1-IS1</jats:italic> organization was detected as part of SRL PAI. The <jats:italic>dfrA14</jats:italic> gene conferring trimethoprim resistance was present in 98.8% of the 2008–2009 isolates, distinguishing them from the SRL-positive strains isolated before that. Thus, it seems an SRL-<jats:italic>dfrA14 S. sonnei</jats:italic> clone spread during the 2008–2009 period and declined thereafter. Besides these, SRL-negative strains harboring class 2 integrons with or without resistance to nalidixic acid were detected from 2011 onward, suggesting the circulation of another clone. Whole-genome sequencing of selected strains confirmed the results obtained by PCR and phenotypic analysis. It is highlighted that 70.8% of the MDR strains harbored one or more of the MGE evaluated, while 15.2% lacked both SRL PAI and integrons. These results underscore the temporal dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in <jats:italic>S. sonnei</jats:italic> strains circulating in Chile, mainly determined by the spread of MGE conferring MDR phenotypes. Since shigellosis is endemic in Chile, constant surveillance of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and their genetic basis is a priority to contribute to public health policies.
Cite this document
Toro, C. S., Salazar, J. C., Montero, D. A., Ugalde, J. A., Díaz, J., Cádiz, L. A., Henríquez, T., García, C., Díaz, P., Camponovo, R., Hermosilla, G., & Ulloa, M. T. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance dynamics in chilean shigella sonnei strains within two decades: Role of shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island and class 1 and class 2 integrons. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 794470. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.794470
Dataset(s)
Material Suplementario - Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics in Chilean Shigella sonnei Strains Within Two Decades: Role of Shigella Resistance Locus Pathogenicity Island and Class 1 and Class 2 Integrons
Subjects
shigella sonnei
;
antibiotic resistance
;
mobile genetic elements (mge)
;
integrons
;
srl pathogenicity island
;
multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria
;
dfra14
;
class 2 integron
;
ampicillin
;
cefotaxime
;
chloramphenicol
;
ciprofloxacin
;
cotrimoxazole
;
nalidixic acid
;
streptomycin
;
tetracycline
;
antibiotic resistance
;
antibiotic sensitivity
;
article
;
bacterial strain
;
bacterium isolate
;
bacterium isolation
;
chile
;
class 1 integron
;
class 2 integron
;
controlled study
;
disk diffusion
;
enterococcus faecalis
;
escherichia coli
;
gene structure
;
genetic analysis
;
genomic island
;
human
;
major clinical study
;
mobile genetic element
;
multidrug resistance
;
multidrug resistant bacterium
;
multilocus sequence typing
;
nonhuman
;
nucleotide sequence
;
pathogenicity island
;
phylogenetic tree
;
plasmid
;
polymerase chain reaction
;
pulsed field gel electrophoresis
;
serotyping
;
shigella sonnei
;
tetracycline resistance
;
trimethoprim resistance
;
vibrio cholerae
;
whole genome sequencing