Brain’s Energy After Stroke: From a Cellular Perspective Toward Behavior
Journal
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
ISSN
1662-5145
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Juan José Mariman
Enrique Lorca
Carlo Biancardi
Pablo Burgos
Joel Álvarez-Ruf
Type
Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
URL Institutional Repository
Abstract
<jats:p>Stroke is a neurological condition that impacts activity performance and quality of life for survivors. While neurological impairments after the event explain the performance of patients in specific activities, the origin of such impairments has traditionally been explained as a consequence of structural and functional damage to the nervous system. However, there are important mechanisms related to energy efficiency (trade-off between biological functions and energy consumption) at different levels that can be related to these impairments and restrictions: first, at the neuronal level, where the availability of energy resources is the initial cause of the event, as well as determines the possibilities of spontaneous recovery. Second, at the level of neural networks, where the “small world” operation of the network is compromised after the stroke, implicating a high energetic cost and inefficiency in the information transfer, which is related to the neurological recovery and clinical status. Finally, at the behavioral level, the performance limitations are related to the highest cost of energy or augmented energy expenditure during the tasks to maintain the stability of the segment, system, body, and finally, the behavior of the patients. In other words, the postural homeostasis. In this way, we intend to provide a synthetic vision of the energy impact of stroke, from the particularities of the operation of the nervous system, its implications, as one of the determinant factors in the possibilities of neurological, functional, and behavioral recovery of our patients.</jats:p>
Subjects
postural control
;
motor recovery
;
functional recovery
;
walking speed
;
cost
;
rehabilitation
;
reorganization
;
network
;
injury
;
mitochondria
;
aerobic metabolism
;
aging
;
anaerobic metabolism
;
angiogenesis
;
animal model
;
article
;
behavior
;
bleeding
;
blood flow
;
body weight
;
brain
;
brain function
;
brain ischemia
;
brain perfusion
;
brain stem
;
cell damage
;
cerebrovascular accident
;
cognition
;
controlled study
;
cyclization
;
dynamics
;
energy consumption
;
energy metabolism
;
fatigue
;
glucose metabolism
;
hemiplegia
;
homeostasis
;
human
;
hyperglycemia
;
hypoxia
;
locomotion
;
metabolic rate
;
metabolic regulation
;
motor performance
;
nerve cell plasticity
;
nervous system
;
nervous system development
;
neuroimaging
;
neurologic disease
;
nonhuman
;
oxygen supply
;
pathophysiology
;
pentose phosphate cycle
;
perfusion
;
physical disease
;
protein degradation
;
quality of life
;
signal transduction
;
stabilography
;
thromboembolism
;
thrombosis
;
tissue repair
;
traumatic brain injury
;
upper limb
;
walking
;
walking speed
;
weakness