Macro-Economic Inequality and National Stereotypes in 45 Non-Western Countries
Journal
Social Psychological and Personality Science
ISSN
1948-5506
Date Issued
2025-09-11
Author(s)
Vukašin Gligorić
John T. Jost
Iva Mićanović
Odeta Tase
Emerson Araújo Do Bú
Camilo Arévalo-Romero
Alisa Balabanova
Pilar Baracaldo
Tatiana Basáñez
Hakan Çakmak
Manuel Capella
Tzu Yun Chen
Lameese Eldesouky
Emir Erhan
Tengku Nila Fadhlia
Eman Farahat
Anneke Farías-Yapur
Md. Omar Faruk
Saima Ghazal
Biljana Gjoneska
Theofilos Gkinopoulos
Ana-Maria Gore
Hirotaka Imada
Candela I. Jantus
Yvonne Yaqi Jin
Jelena Kalinić
Fatima Kamran
Anna Kende
Zahra Khosrowtaj
Suhaavi Kochhar
Aituar Kospakov
Staša Lalatović
Barbara Lášticová
Anca Lazar
Sera Lee
Ma. Elizabeth Macapagal
Karine Malysheva
Kunalan Manokara
Marta Marchlewska
Nushka Marinova
Andreas Michael
Konradas Mikalauskas
Adriana Miranda
Chanki Moon
Denis Mukhortov
Bojan Musil
Mizuki Nakagoshi
Jennifer Namutebi
Joaquin Navajas
Chioma Mildred Ojiaku
Morenike Esther Olaleru
Cícero Roberto Pereira
Agustin Espinosa Pezzia
Nejc Plohl
Wojciech Podsiadłowski
Ştefan Popov
Dora Popović
Xenia-Daniela Poslon
Charis Psaltis
Camilo Rincón-Unigarro
Rachmayati Eka Safitri
Darius Salaum
Ilya Strelets
Stylianos Syropoulos
Dagmara Szczepańska
Fiona Yunqian Tian
Adele Tijusaite
Lorena Tirla
Luka Todorović
Chayanit Trakulpipat
Ching Wan
Juthatip Wiwattanapantuwong
Illia Yahiiaiev
Luiza Yuan
Jessica V. Schaaf
Type
journal-article
Abstract
The assumption that people favor ingroups and disfavor outgroups is based largely on theory and research from Western countries. However, groups subjected to economic exploitation and inequality might come to favor more advantaged outgroups. The present large-scale study (
<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>
= 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism.
</jats:p>
<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>
= 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism.
</jats:p>
Cite this document
Gligorić, V., Jost, J. T., Mićanović, I., Tase, O., Araújo Do Bú, E., Arévalo-Romero, C., Balabanova, A., Baracaldo, P., Basáñez, T., Çakmak, H., Capella, M., Chen, T. Y., Eldesouky, L., Erhan, E., Fadhlia, T. N., Farahat, E., Farías-Yapur, A., Faruk, Md. O., Ghazal, S., … Schaaf, J. V. (2025). Macro-economic inequality and national stereotypes in 45 non-western countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 19485506251370424. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506251370424