The Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer and the Challenges of Their Clinical Application
Journal
Diagnostics
ISSN
2075-4418
Date Issued
2023
Author(s)
Juan P. Muñoz
Pablo Pérez-Moreno
Yasmín Pérez
Gloria M. Calaf
Type
Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
URL Institutional Repository
Abstract
<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a subclass of non-coding RNAs that exert substantial influence on gene-expression regulation. Their tightly controlled expression plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, while their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer. Among cancers affecting women, breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor. Extensive investigations have demonstrated distinct expression patterns of miRNAs in normal and malignant breast cells. Consequently, these findings have prompted research efforts towards leveraging miRNAs as diagnostic tools and the development of therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to describe the role of miRNAs in BC. We discuss the identification of oncogenic, tumor suppressor and metastatic miRNAs among BC cells, and their impact on tumor progression. We describe the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BC, as well as their role as promising therapeutic targets. Finally, we evaluate the current use of artificial intelligence tools for miRNA analysis and the challenges faced by these new biomedical approaches in its clinical application. The insights presented in this review underscore the promising prospects of utilizing miRNAs as innovative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for the management of BC.</jats:p>
Subjects
breast cancer
;
cancer therapy
;
diagnosis
;
metastamirs
;
micrornas
;
oncomirs
;
microrna
;
artificial intelligence
;
breast cancer
;
cancer diagnosis
;
cancer prognosis
;
cancer recurrence
;
carcinogenesis
;
female
;
gene function
;
human
;
human cell
;
metastasis
;
review
;
tumor suppressor gene