FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ
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FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ
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gfajardor@udd.cl
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57484952300

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2024 2024 2023 2023 2022 2022 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0

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Evidence of the active participation of women in the intergroup conflict based on the use of aggression and cooperation

2023 , MUÑOZ REYES, JOSÉ ANTONIO , Daniel Torrico-Bazoberry , POLO RODRIGO, PABLO , Eugenio Guzmán-Lavín , FIGUEROA VALDEBENITO, ORIANA CRISTINA , FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ , Nohelia Valenzuela , BELINCHÓN, MONTSERRAT , RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS , Miguel Pita

AbstractIntergroup conflict has been a persistent aspect of human societies since the emergence of our species. Various researchers have proposed that competition between groups has acted as a key selective force throughout human evolutionary history. Such intergroup competition for limited resources exacerbated the expression of intergroup aggression and intragroup cooperation. Furthermore, it would have a sexual dimorphism, with men demonstrating increased sensitivity to conflict threats—in order to maximize reproductive opportunities—, while women generally reject from active engagement in intergroup conflict. In the present study, we conducted behavioral experiments under controlled laboratory conditions to measure cooperation and aggression from using virtual games, specifically the Public Good Games and the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, in a sample of 541 participants. We created control and experimental intergroup competition scenarios, where aggression and cooperation were necessary to increase monetary rewards. Our results shows that men modulate aggression and cooperation in the presence of intergroup conflict. In addition, our data also reveals that women cooperate more than men and display heightened levels of cooperation and aggression when confronted with intergroup conflict. These findings prompt a reevaluation of current functional theoretical models concerning the role of women in intergroup conflict and suggest that the dynamics of human aggression and cooperation may be more nuanced than previously believed.

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Translating the behaviour change technique taxonomy version 1 into Spanish: Methodology and validation

2024 , Oscar Castro , Gabriela Fajardo , Marie Johnston , Denise Laroze , Eduardo Leiva-Pinto , FIGUEROA VALDEBENITO, ORIANA CRISTINA , Elizabeth Corker , Jeanette A. Chacón-Candia , Giuliano Duarte

Background Precise and unequivocal specification of intervention content is key to facilitating the accumulation and implementation of knowledge. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) is the most widely used classification of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), providing a shared, standardized vocabulary to identify the active ingredients of behavioural interventions. However, the BCTTv1 is only available in English and this hampers its broad use and adoption. The aim of the present article is to report the process of translation of the BCTTv1 into Spanish. Methods A bilingual team led the translation of the BCTTv1, involving seven iterative steps: (i) establish a Committee, (ii) forward translation from English to Spanish, (iii) back translation from Spanish to English, (iv) comparison of original BCTTv1 and back translation, (v) opportunistic comparison against an independent BCTTv1 translation, (vi) empirical testing, and (vii) final Committee review. Results Changes as a result of the translation process included relabelling BCTs, amending definitions, and fixing conceptual and grammatical inconsistencies, yielding the final version. Very satisfactory inter-coder reliability in BCT identification was observed as part of the empirical testing (i.e., prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa scores > 0.8). Conclusions This work provides the Spanish-speaking population with a rigorous and validated BCTTv1 translation which can be used in both research and practice to provide a greater level of intervention detail for evidence synthesis, comparison, and replication of behaviour change interventions. The translation process described here may prove helpful to guide future translation efforts in behavioural science and beyond.

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Evolutionary determinants and hormonal underpinning of men's mating strategies: Correlational and experimental evidence from Chilean samples

2022 , FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ

Humans show a wide variety of mating strategies, from promiscuous mating to the establishment and maintenance of long-lasting pair-bonds, with variation between sexes, within sexes, and within-individuals. The following thesis focuses on men’s mating strategies, from an evolutionary and a proximate approach, presenting the results from two studies. The first one takes the evolutionary perspective, that proposes the variation on mating strategies can be partially explained by phenotypical, social, and environmental factors. We aimed to investigate the traits associated with men’s predisposition to invest in long-term mating to understand the selective pressures that shape the cost-benefit balance that favors men’s parental investment. We obtained that socioeconomic status is the main predictor for long-term mating orientation, while strength is highly associated with short-term orientation in men. The second study considers a proximate approach, where testosterone and immediate social context play a major role in regulating individuals’ mating strategies. We investigated the testosterone-related and social mechanisms involved in the calibration of long and short-term mating strategies, obtaining that the most relevant factor to explain these strategies is the inclusion of a female confederate in the immediate context where the session was carried out. This manuscript brings together approaches from the ultimate and proximate causes for a better understanding of human mating strategies in men

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Long-Term Mating Orientation in Men: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Protection Skills, and Parenthood Disposition

2022 , FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ , POLO RODRIGO, PABLO , MUÑOZ REYES, JOSÉ ANTONIO , RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS

From an evolutionary perspective, phenotypic, social, and environmental factors help to shape the different costs and benefits of pursuing different reproductive strategies (or a mixture of them) from one individual to another. Since men’s reproductive success is mainly constrained to women’s availability, their mating orientations should be partially calibrated by features that women prefer in a potential partner. For long-term relationships, women prefer traits that signal access to resources, protection skills, and the willingness to share them. Using generalized linear models with laboratory data taken from a Chilean population (N = 197), this study aimed to test whether real and potential resources (measured as self-reported socioeconomic status), protection skills (measured as handgrip strength), and the willingness to provide resources and protection (measured as their disposition toward parenthood) are related to mating orientation in men. Our predictions were: (1) socioeconomic status would be positively associated with long-term and short-term mating orientation but for long-term-oriented individuals, this would be enhanced by having a more favorable parenthood disposition and (2) strength would be positively related to long-term mating orientation in men with higher socioeconomic status and a favorable disposition toward parenthood and it would have a positive and direct association with short-term mating orientation. Our results partially supported the first hypothesis, since men with higher socioeconomic status were more long-term oriented, but parenting disposition did not moderate this effect. Contrary to our expectations, socioeconomic status was not related to short-term mating orientation. Strength appeared not to be significant for long-term mating orientation, even interacting with other traits. However, strength by itself was powerfully linked with a short-term mating orientation. Our results suggest that only some individuals that are attractive for long-term relationships are indeed long-term oriented and may reflect the overall conflict of interests between mating strategies among sexes.

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Impact of the birth of a new sibling in older siblings' physical andmental health

2023 , FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ , APABLAZA SALINAS, MAURICIO IVÁN

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The role of exogenous testosterone and social environment on the expression of sociosexuality and status-seeking behaviors in young Chilean men

2024 , POLO RODRIGO, PABLO , FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, GABRIELA PAZ , MUÑOZ REYES, JOSÉ ANTONIO , VALENZUELA MARTÍNEZ, NOHELIA , BELINCHÓN, MONTSERRAT , FIGUEROA VALDEBENITO, ORIANA CRISTINA , Ana Fernández-Martínez , Marcel Deglín , Miguel Pita

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Social Status

2023 , FIGUEROA VALDEBENITO, ORIANA CRISTINA , Gabriela Fajardo

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