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Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
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Andean Hydrology

2018 , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL , Lillo Saavedra, Mario

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A satellite-based ex post analysis of water management in a blueberry orchard

2020 , Eduardo Holzapfel , Mario Lillo-Saavedra , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , Viviana Gavilán , Angel García-Pedrero , Consuelo Gonzalo-Martín

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Effects of the number of drip laterals on yield and quality of apples grown in two soil types

2021 , F. Lecaros-Arellano , E. Holzapfel , E. Fereres , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , N. Muñoz , J. Jara

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Circular Economy in a Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus Associate to an SDGs Framework: Understanding Complexities

2020 , GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , HERRERA MARÍN, MAURICIO RENÉ , Lahcen El Youssfi , Douglas Aitken

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Understanding water disputes in Chile with text and data mining tools

2019 , HERRERA MARÍN, MAURICIO RENÉ , CANDIA VALLEJOS, CRISTIAN ESTEBAN , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , Douglas Aitken , Daniel Brieba , BOETTIGER PHILIPPS, CAMILA , Guillermo Donoso , GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL

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An Analysis of the Effects of Large Wildfires on the Hydrology of Three Small Catchments in Central Chile Using Tritium-Based Measurements and Hydrological Metrics

2022 , Francisco Balocchi , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , José Luis Arumi , Uwe Morgenstern , Donald A. White , Richard P. Silberstein , Pablo Ramírez de Arellano

Wildfires are an important disturbance affecting catchments’ soil and hydrological processes within. Wildfires are predicted to increase in both frequency and severity under climate change. Here, we present measurements of tritium (3H) in surface water of three streams before and after the ‘las Máquinas’ megafire of January 2017 in central Chile and streamflow metrics. Mean transit times (MTTs) of water were calculated in three coastal catchments with the Mediterranean climate type, covered by native forest, a mixture of native forest and Pinus radiata D. Don, and P. radiata. Lumped parameter models (LPMs) were used to obtain MTTs. Tritium activities from 2012 to 2018 ranged from 0.597 to 0.927 Tritium Units (TU), with the lowest TU activity in 2018. These 3H concentrations indicated water ages from 5 to 30 years. Following the fire, peak flows and baseflow have increased in two catchments but decreased in the third. Even though we have seen changes in the hydrological responses within the three catchments, pre- and post-fire MTT values were not significantly different. Therefore, there is no conclusive evidence of hydrological changes at the groundwater level due to wildfire at this early stage. However, since the MTT ranges from 5 to 30 years, it is likely that more time is required for the changes in the hydrograph to be clearly reflected in the tritium signal even though there are noticeable changes in streamflow metrics such as runoff and baseflow. Within the following years from this study, a sampling schedule to continue to investigate both the long-term drought and the effect of wildfire on these catchments will be maintained.

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Generation of soil maps permeability. Case study in two cantons of Loja province, Ecuador

2023 , Jorge Andrés Espinosa Marín , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , Renato Haro Prado

The generation of permeability maps is based on the analysis and interpretation of geology, environmental morphology, land use, and slope, which enables the selection of sampling areas with similar characteristics. The method represents the integration of the physical characteristics of the study area and then determines the infiltration capacity differences in the most representative geopedologic units. In determining the basic data, minidisc infiltrometers were used to perform seventy-two infiltration tests in different types of soils with varying organic matter content, texture, soil structure, and vegetation cover, which showed the spatial variability that exists in two cantons of Loja province, Ecuador. In addition, it was observed that the infiltration rate depended mainly on the content of the organic matter in the soil and is consistent with information collected on permeability worldwide. In this study, generated pedotransfer function (FTP) coefficient of determination R2 0.78, the determination of the coefficient indicates a satisfactory estimate of the permeability with the variables that were analyzed; in addition, the methodology for assessing the permeability was suitable for the conditions of this investigation. For this reason, the method described here should be tested in other areas of the country with a greater number of field trials and with more variable contents of organic matter and soil textural classes.

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Water Scarcity and the Impact of the Mining and Agricultural Sectors in Chile

2016 , Douglas Aitken , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL , Eduardo Holzapfel

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Earthquake-induced landslides coupled to fluvial incision in Andean Patagonia: Inferring their effects on landscape at geological time scales

2023 , Bastian Morales , Elizabet Lizama , Marcelo Somos-Valenzuela , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , Chen Ningshen

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Simulation of Water-Use Efficiency of Crops under Different Irrigation Strategies

2020 , Mathias Kuschel-Otárola , RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS , Eduardo Holzapfel , Niels Schütze , Patricio Neumann , GODOY FAUNDEZ, ALEX ORIEL

Irrigation management is a key factor in attaining optimal yields, as different irrigation strategies lead to different yields even when using the same amount of water or under the same weather conditions. Our research aimed to simulate the water-use efficiency (WUE) of crops considering different irrigation strategies in the Central Valley of Chile. By means of AquaCrop-OS, we simulated expected yields for combinations of crops (maize, sugar beet, wheat), soil (clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, and silty loam), and bulk density. Thus, we tested four watering strategies: rainfed, soil moisture-based irrigation, irrigation with a fixed interval every 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and an algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling under water supply constraints (GET-OPTIS). The results showed that an efficient irrigation strategy must account for soil and crop characteristics. Among the tested strategies, GET-OPTIS led to the best performance for crop yield, water use, water-use efficiency, and profit, followed by the soil moisture-based strategy. Thus, soil type has an important influence on the yield and performance of different irrigation strategies, as it provides a significant storage and buffer for plants, making it possible to produce “more crop per drop”. This work can serve as a methodological guide for simulating the water-use efficiency of crops and can be used alongside evidence from the field.