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The Global Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Workforce

2023 , Beatriz Petrucci , Samuel Okerosi , Rolvix H. Patterson , Sara B. Hobday , Valerie Salano , Christopher J. Waterworth , Robert M. Brody , Holly Sprow , Blake C. Alkire , Johannes J. Fagan , Sharon Ovnat Tamir , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Mahmood F. Bhutta , Ivy W. Maina , Jonathan C. Pang , Davina Daudu , Allan G. Mukuzi , Tarika Srinivasan , Carolina A. Pietrobon , Sheng-Po Hao , Doreen Nakku , Amina Seguya , Taseer F. Din , Olga Djoutsop Mbougo , Lilian W. Mokoh , Farizeh Jashek-Ahmed , Tyler J. Law , Elizabeth A. Holt , Ali Haider Bangesh , Yilkal Zemene , Titus S. Ibekwe , Oumar Raphiou Diallo , Jaqueline Alvarado , Wakisa K. Mulwafu , John E. Fenton , Adrian M. Agius , Pavel Doležal , Édouard Amani Mudekereza , Karen M. Mojica , Ricardo Silva Rueda , Mary Jue Xu

ImportanceA core component of delivering care of head and neck diseases is an adequate workforce. The World Health Organization report, Multi-Country Assessment of National Capacity to Provide Hearing Care, captured primary workforce estimates from 68 member states in 2012, noting that response rates were a limitation and that updated more comprehensive data are needed.ObjectiveTo establish comprehensive workforce metrics for global otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) with updated data from more countries/territories.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional electronic survey characterizing the OHNS workforce was disseminated from February 10 to June 22, 2022, to professional society leaders, medical licensing boards, public health officials, and practicing OHNS clinicians.Main OutcomeThe OHNS workforce per capita, stratified by income and region.ResultsResponses were collected from 121 of 195 countries/territories (62%). Survey responses specifically reported on OHNS workforce from 114 countries/territories representing 84% of the world’s population. The global OHNS clinician density was 2.19 (range, 0-61.7) OHNS clinicians per 100 000 population. The OHNS clinician density varied by World Bank income group with higher-income countries associated with a higher density of clinicians. Regionally, Europe had the highest clinician density (5.70 clinicians per 100 000 population) whereas Africa (0.18 clinicians per 100 000 population) and Southeast Asia (1.12 clinicians per 100 000 population) had the lowest. The OHNS clinicians deliver most of the surgical management of ear diseases and hearing care, rhinologic and sinus diseases, laryngeal disorders, and upper aerodigestive mucosal cancer globally.Conclusion and RelevanceThis cross-sectional survey study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global OHNS workforce. These results can guide focused investment in training and policy development to address disparities in the availability of OHNS clinicians.

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Active transcutaneous bone conduction implant: audiological results in paediatric patients with bilateral microtia associated with external auditory canal atresia

2018 , Sofía Bravo-Torres , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , FUENTES CARO, EDUARDO ANDRES

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The Unseen Global Burden of Disease

2020 , Josh Wiedermann , Theodore Klug , Tekleweini Abhra , Biniam Alemayehu , Johanna Sembergman , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME

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National linguistic validation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Assessment of disability caused by tinnitus in chilean spanish-speaking population

2012 , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Eugenio Alzérreca , José Tomás San Martín , Liliana Román , Isabel Zamorano , Jorge Malhue , Paola Aliaga , Linda Coronelli , Soledad Sarda

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Validation of the Decision model of the Burden of Hearing loss Across the Lifespan (DeciBHAL) in Chile, India, and Nigeria

2022 , Ethan D. Borre , Austin Ayer , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Titus Ibekwe , Susan D. Emmett , Siddharth Dixit , Minahil Shahid , Bolajoko Olusanya , Suneela Garg , Mohini Johri , James E. Saunders , Debara L. Tucci , Blake S. Wilson , Osondu Ogbuoji , Gillian D. Sanders Schmidler

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Priorities for hearing loss prevention and estimates of global cause-specific burdens of hearing loss: a systematic rapid review

2024 , Kavita Prasad , Ethan D Borre , Lauren K Dillard , Austin Ayer , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Kathleen E Bainbridge , Catherine M McMahon , Debara L Tucci , Blake S Wilson , Gillian D Sanders Schmidler , James Saunders

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ISOM 2023 research Panel 4 - Diagnostics and microbiology of otitis media

2023 , Sharon Ovnat Tamir , Seweryn Bialasiewicz , Christopher G. Brennan-Jones , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Liron Kariv , Ian Macharia , Robyn L. Marsh , Amina Seguya , Ruth Thornton

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INDICACIÓN DE AUDÍFONOS. MEJORANDO EL PROCESO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL OTORRINOLARINGÓLOGO

2016 , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME

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Development and validation of DeciBHAL-US: A novel microsimulation model of hearing loss across the lifespan in the United States

2022 , Ethan D. Borre , Evan R. Myers , Judy R. Dubno , Gerard M. O'Donoghue , Mohamed M. Diab , Susan D. Emmett , James E. Saunders , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Catherine M. McMahon , Danah Younis , Howard W. Francis , Debara L. Tucci , Blake S. Wilson , Osondu Ogbuoji , Gillian D. Sanders Schmidler

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Inequality in the distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists in 15 Latin American countries: an ecological study

2019 , Tess Bright , Oscar J Mújica , Jacqueline Ramke , Claudia M Moreno , DER MUSSA, CAROLINA FATHME , Amarilis Melendez , Ericka Lara Ovares , Edgar Ivan Sandoval Domingues , Diego Jose Santana Hernandez , Shelly Chadha , Juan Carlos Silva , Augusto Peñaranda

ObjectiveTo explore sociogeographical inequalities in the availability and distribution of ear, nose and throat specialists (ENTs) in 15 Latin American (LA) countries.DesignEcological.SettingSpanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of LA.The number of registered ENTs in 2017 was obtained from the National ENT Society in each country.Outcome measuresThe ENT rate/million population was calculated at the national and subnational (eg, state) level. Three measures were calculated to assess subnational distributive inequality of ENTs: (1) absolute and (2) relative index of dissimilarity; and (3) concentration index (using the Human Development Index as the equity stratifier). Finally, the ratio of ENTs/million population in the capital area compared with the rest of the country was calculated.ResultsThere was more than a 30-fold difference in the number of ENTs/million population across the included countries—from 61.0 in Argentina (95% CI 58.7 to 63.4) to 2.8 in Guatemala (95% CI 2.1 to 3.8). In all countries, ENTs were more prevalent in advantaged areas and in capital areas. To attain distributive equality, Paraguay would need to redistribute the greatest proportion of its ENT workforce (67.3%; 95% CI 57.8% to 75.6%) and Brazil the least (18.5%; 95% CI 17.6% to 19.5%).ConclusionsThere is high inequality in the number and distribution of ENTs between and within the 15 studied countries in LA. This evidence can be used to inform policies that improve access to ear and hearing services in the region, such as scale-up of training of ENTs and incentives to distribute specialists equally. These actions to reduce inequities, alongside addressing the social determinants of ear and hearing health, are essential to realise Universal Health Coverage.