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Publication

Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in the Context of COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Attachment Styles

2022 , Stefanella Costa-Cordella , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , Alejandra Rossi , Camilo Arévalo-Romero , SILVA CONCHA, JAIME

Objectives: COVID-19 sanitary measures (social distancing, school closures) have deeply impacted social life, support networks, and their protective role in mental health. The present study aims to understand how attachment styles influence the way individuals experience social support. Particularly, investigating its moderating role in the relationship between social support and depression.Methods: An online survey was designed to clarify the role of adult attachment styles (ECR-S) in the perceived social support (MOSS) and self-reported depressive symptoms (BDI-SF) in the COVID-19 context.Results: Positive social interactions was the most important dimension of social support for lower depression symptoms. Individuals attachment strategies have a moderating role in the relation between of social support and depression. Crucially, insecure attachment style wanes the positive impact of social support in depression.Conclusion: Aligned with the existing literature, attachment security is an essential factor in our current understanding of relationships and mental health. Exploring specific and indivual attachment strategies might be a powerful tool to protect population’s mental healt.

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Hydrocortisone decreases metacognitive efficiency independent of perceived stress

2020 , REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , Franco Medina , Carolina Manosalva , Vincent de Gardelle , Jérôme Sackur , SILVA CONCHA, JAIME

AbstractIt is well established that acute stress produces negative effects on high level cognitive functions. However, these effects could be due to the physiological components of the stress response (among which cortisol secretion is prominent), to its psychological concomitants (the thoughts generated by the stressor) or to any combination of those. Our study shows for the first time that the typical cortisol response to stress is sufficient to impair metacognition, that is the ability to monitor one’s own performance in a task. In a pharmacological protocol, we administered either 20 mg hydrocortisone or placebo to 46 male participants, and measured their subjective perception of stress, their performance in a perceptual task, and their metacognitive ability. We found that hydrocortisone selectively impaired metacognitive ability, without affecting task performance or creating a subjective state of stress. In other words, the single physiological response of stress produces a net effect on metacognition. These results inform our basic understanding of the physiological bases of metacognition. They are also relevant for applied or clinical research about situations involving stress, anxiety, depression, or simply cortisol use.

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Adapting to Adversity: Effects of COVID-19 on Parenting in Chile

2022 , PÉREZ EWERT, JANET CAROLA , ALDONEY RAMIREZ, DANIELA , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , COO CALCAGNI, SOLEDAD , Eugenio J. Guzmán , SILVA CONCHA, JAIME

The pandemic outbreak in March 2020 and its associated sanitary regulations and restrictions triggered an abrupt and significant change for society in general and for families’ organization in particular. In Chile, the Santiago Metropolitan District was under a strict lockdown that involved the closure of the entire educational system. From a systemic-family stress perspective, the impact of these changes might have consequences not only for each individual family member, but for the parental dynamic and, consequently, for children’s well-being. This paper presents the results of a follow-up study showing changes in self-reported parental depression and the perceived home organization of mothers and fathers assessed at three different moments: before the pandemic, at the initial outbreak, and after 1 month of strict lockdown. Relevant moderators were explored using linear mixed models to understand the within-subject changes in mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports across the different assessment times. Financial strain, personality traits of self-criticism and dependency, previous parent–child quality interaction, recent major stressful events, and number of children are highlighted as relevant factors that moderate changes in home chaos and parental mental health perception. Significant risks and protective factors are described for fathers and mothers. The use of pre-pandemic measures as baseline levels enabled the identification of personal and family characteristics that were related to better outcomes. The results help increase our understanding of the sanitary regulations’ impacts on the family system and identify vulnerability indicators that should be considered.

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Introjective Individuals Tend Toward Anhedonia: Self-Report and Experimental Evidence

2018 , SILVA CONCHA, JAIME , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , Claudio Martínez , Mariane Krause

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Tell me your story about the Chilean dictatorship: When doing memory is taking positions

2018 , Marcela Cornejo , Carolina Rocha , Nicolás Villarroel , Enzo Cáceres , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN

The current memory struggles about the Chilean dictatorship makes it increasingly relevant to hear a diverse range of voices on the subject. One way of addressing this is to study autobiographical narratives, in which people construct a character to present themselves as the protagonists of a story by taking multiple positions regarding what is remembered. This article presents a study that analyzed the life stories of Chilean people (diverse in their generations, cities, experiences of political repression, political orientations and socio-economic levels) and that distinguished between the positions that they take when presenting themselves as the protagonists of an autobiographical story about the Chilean dictatorship. The results point to salient and recurrent positions that allow people to earn the right to be considered part of the social history of the dictatorship, that involve different definitions regarding those responsible and the victims of what happened, and that unveil a strong family and filial logic of remembering.

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Biological stress reactivity as an index of the two polarities of the experience model

2017 , SILVA CONCHA, JAIME , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , Mauricio Barrientos , Claudio Martínez , Luis A. Salazar , Mariane Krause

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Why do people engage with the suffering of strangers? Exploring epistemic, eudaimonic, social, and affective motives

2024 , VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN , Suzanne Oosterwijk , Gerben A. van Kleef