OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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aobach@udd.cl
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57200399284

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Latin American Youths’ Migration Journeys and Settlement in the Tarapacá Region in Chile: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health

2022 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA , Michelle Sadler

The sexual and reproductive health of young migrants has not been sufficiently addressed in mobility studies. In this article, we dwell on some aspects of this issue in the migration process of Latin American youth. We conducted a qualitative study in the region of Tarapacá, Chile, carrying out in-depth interviews with key informants, health staff and young migrants between 18 and 25 years old. The results show some motivations to migrate related to sexual and reproductive health: young pregnant women, LGBTQI+ and HIV-positive people seeking access to health care and social contexts of reduced gender discrimination. During the migration process, young people are exposed to various kinds of sexual violence, and in their settlement in Chile, to situations of racism, stigma and discrimination in society as a whole and in access to and during sexual and reproductive health care. Health care for young migrants is mainly focused on maternal care and reproductive issues, while sexual health as a whole is disregarded. We argue that sexual health must be addressed as a central dimension of the lived experiences of young migrants, and that the social, cultural and structural factors that undermine their sexual and reproductive health must be addressed in order to provide culturally competent health services.

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Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Chile: The role of sexual education [Salud sexual y reproductiva de adolescentes en Chile: El rol de la educación sexual]

2017 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , Natalia Jofré

Objetivos Indagar sobre las percepciones de adolescentes en torno a la educación sexual en la Región Metropolitana de Chile y el rol de los sectores de salud y educación en esta materia.Métodos Estudio cualitativo etnográfico, cuyo trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en cinco comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, en cada una de las cuales se abordó unEspacio Amigable para atención adolescente. Se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevistassemi-estructuradas (N=38), grupos de discusión (N=5) y observación participante. Resultados Se identificó una percepción negativa por parte de adolescentes respecto a la educación sexual que reciben. Sostienen la necesidad de información en salud sexual y reproductiva que cubra en profundidad las dimensiones tanto biológicas como emocionales y afectivas de la sexualidad, superando enfoques conservadores y de riesgo en torno a la sexualidad. Se identificaron estrategias innovadoras en salud, centradas en las escuelas, donde los sectores de salud y educación trabajan de manera colaborativa en materia de educación sexual.Discusión Cuando los sectores de salud y educación trabajan de manera colaborativa y coordinada, se da una mejor respuesta a las necesidades de adolescentes en materia deinformación y educación sexual. Si bien este trabajo intersectorial constituye un avance, está pendiente el desafío de incorporar las voces de los adolescentes y sus comunidades, con el fin de planificar programas y políticas de educación sexual que se basen en sus experiencias vitales, avanzando con ello hacia los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de este grupo.

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ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY FOR THE PROMOTION OF SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND THE PREVENTION OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY IN CHILE

2018 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , PEREZ ACUÑA, CLAUDIA VERONICA , Michelle Sadler , Mariana Gerias

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Barriers and facilitators to access sexual and reproductive health services among young migrants in Tarapacá, Chile: a qualitative study

2024 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Alice Blukacz , Michelle Sadler , CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , Carolina Díaz

Abstract Background Chile has become a destination country for immigrants from Latin America, including youth. Guaranteeing access and use of sexual and reproductive health services for young migrants is crucial because of their overlapping experiences of transitioning to a new country and to adulthood. However, the existing evidence shows barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive healthcare among young migrant populations. In this context, the main objective of this article is to identify the barriers and facilitators that young migrants experience to access sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Tarapacá region of Chile. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in the Tarapacá region of Chile. Semi-structured interviews with 25 young migrants from Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, as well as 10 health workers, were carried out. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Desarrollo (#2019-22). Results Young migrants face barriers linked to structural shortcomings within the healthcare system, which may be similar to those faced by the local population. Barriers are also derived from reductionist sexual and reproductive health approaches, which prioritise the prevention of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV, with a predominantly heteronormative focus. The prevailing narratives from the health system are those of risk and lack of control and self-care among young people, and they are exacerbated in the case of migrants. Young migrants, especially from the Caribbean, are stereotyped as over-sexualised and liberal in comparison to the local population and believed to be engaging in riskier sexual behaviours that should be kept under check. This may translate into experiences of discrimination and mistreatment when receiving care. Facilitators include good-quality information and community-level interventions. Conclusions This study shows a limited approach to the sexual and reproductive health of young migrants in Chile, severely hampering their reproductive and sexual rights. Policies and initiatives must work towards removing structural barriers, changing narratives, and empowering young migrants regarding their sexual and reproductive health.

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Strengths and challenges of a school-based sexual and reproductive health program for adolescents in Chile

2022 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , Pascale Bussenius , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , Patricia Muñoz , Carla Urrutia , PEREZ ACUÑA, CLAUDIA VERONICA , Ammal Mokhtar Metwally

Background Adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Chile have been primarily provided through health centers. Although some school-based initiatives have been implemented, to date, these have not been assessed. This study aims to identify strengths and challenges of the affectivity and sexuality component of the school-based 3A Program, a health program which seeks to prevent risk behaviors and promote healthy lifestyle habits within public schools (addressing health topics which in Spanish begin with the letter ‘A’, hence ‘3A’), implemented in the municipality of Lo Prado, city of Santiago. Methods We carried out a qualitative study with a descriptive-interpretative approach in three schools. We conducted in-depth interviews with students, teachers, health professionals, and school principals (N = 44); and focus groups with students (N = 3), teachers and health personnel (N = 3). The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants highlight the integrative approach to health and to sexual and reproductive health promoted in the 3A Program, which is enhanced by the collaboration of interdisciplinary health teams. Permanent and expedited student access to sexual and reproductive health care is achieved, and affectional bonds are developed between students and the Program’s health staff. The Program assists female participants to imagine and form identities that are not inherently tied to motherhood. It also assists boys and LGBTQ+ adolescents in feeling included as relevant actors in sexual and reproductive health and decision making. The delivery of contraception in schools is highly valued. The most significant challenge identified is ensuring effective and ongoing collaboration between health staff and teachers. Conclusion Participants value the effectivity and sexuality component of the 3A Program as an initiative to improve adolescents’ access to sexual and reproductive health care. Our findings suggest that this Program could be replicated throughout the region and the country to improve the quality and accessibility of health services for adolescents.

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Salud sexual y reproductiva de hombres jóvenes en Chile: resultados de un estudio cualitativo

2018 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , Francisco Aguayo , Margarita Bernales

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El rol de nuevas organizaciones de la sociedad civil en la promoción de salud sexual en Chile

2023 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , Matías Marín , Antonia Roberts

El artículo −que da cuenta de los resultados de dos investigaciones cualitativas ejecutadas entre 2020 y 2022−, tiene como propósito, desde un enfoque de salud global, salud colectiva y vulnerabilidad estructural, reflexionar en torno al rol que juegan nuevos actores de la sociedad civil en la promoción de la salud sexual, de derechos sexuales y en la prevención y detección del VIH en Chile. Estos actores son organizaciones de la sociedad civil conformadas por jóvenes profesionales de la salud que han construido espacios de información, promoción y atención en salud sexual y reproductiva fuera del sistema formal de salud; y organizaciones lideradas por jóvenes LGBTIQA+ en torno a información en sexualidades en general, y a acceso a prevención y detección del VIH en particular. El artículo contribuye en mostrar la importancia que tienen estos nuevos actores en las trayectorias terapéuticas en materia de salud sexual de jóvenes en Chile, y la relevancia aun mayor que han adquirido desde el inicio de la pandemia de Covid-19.

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Barreras asociadas al acceso y uso del sistema público de salud para la prevención y detección del VIH/Sida en población joven del país: Documento de recomendaciones para la toma de decisiones en salud

2023 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA , SABRITA CHANDÍA ESPINOSA , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , Michelle Sadler , Ana María Alarcón , Antonia Roberts , Olga López , Matías Marín , Carolina Díaz , Marjorie Branif

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Intersectoral strategies between health and education for preventing adolescent pregnancy in Chile: Findings from a qualitative study

2019 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ

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