OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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aobach@udd.cl
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57200399284

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¿Qué es lo cultural del encuentro intercultural de atención de salud de poblaciones migrantes internacionales en Chile? Algunas reflexiones antropológicas

2022 , Carla Urrutia , M. Eliana Correa Matus , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE

Chile se ha vuelto un país receptor de población migrante internacional en los últimos años, con creciente influjo en el tiempo. Dentro de los desafíos de la migración internacional se encuentra el acceso equitativo y oportuno de migrantes internacionales al sistema de salud, reportándose diversas barreras para el acceso a la atención de salud. Dentro de las barreras se identifica el encuentro intercultural en salud y la atención de salud con pertinencia cultural a las necesidades de la población migrante. En este ensayo se desarrolla una reflexión sobre los aspectos culturales propios del espacio de atención de salud, considerando el lugar, actores que participan de la interacción y tiempo en que ocurre la atención. Se desarrolla un marco conceptual previo para sentar bases para la reflexión, basados en los conceptos de cultura, interculturalidad en salud e interaccionismo simbólico como propuesta de acercamiento a este fenómeno. Para la realización de este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicos (Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar) y literatura gris nacional e internacional, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre lo cultural en el encuentro de atención de salud entre población migrante internacional y los profesionales de salud que los atienden.  

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Strengths and challenges of a school-based sexual and reproductive health program for adolescents in Chile

2022 , OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE , Michelle Sadler , Pascale Bussenius , CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ , Patricia Muñoz , Carla Urrutia , PEREZ ACUÑA, CLAUDIA VERONICA , Ammal Mokhtar Metwally

Background Adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Chile have been primarily provided through health centers. Although some school-based initiatives have been implemented, to date, these have not been assessed. This study aims to identify strengths and challenges of the affectivity and sexuality component of the school-based 3A Program, a health program which seeks to prevent risk behaviors and promote healthy lifestyle habits within public schools (addressing health topics which in Spanish begin with the letter ‘A’, hence ‘3A’), implemented in the municipality of Lo Prado, city of Santiago. Methods We carried out a qualitative study with a descriptive-interpretative approach in three schools. We conducted in-depth interviews with students, teachers, health professionals, and school principals (N = 44); and focus groups with students (N = 3), teachers and health personnel (N = 3). The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants highlight the integrative approach to health and to sexual and reproductive health promoted in the 3A Program, which is enhanced by the collaboration of interdisciplinary health teams. Permanent and expedited student access to sexual and reproductive health care is achieved, and affectional bonds are developed between students and the Program’s health staff. The Program assists female participants to imagine and form identities that are not inherently tied to motherhood. It also assists boys and LGBTQ+ adolescents in feeling included as relevant actors in sexual and reproductive health and decision making. The delivery of contraception in schools is highly valued. The most significant challenge identified is ensuring effective and ongoing collaboration between health staff and teachers. Conclusion Participants value the effectivity and sexuality component of the 3A Program as an initiative to improve adolescents’ access to sexual and reproductive health care. Our findings suggest that this Program could be replicated throughout the region and the country to improve the quality and accessibility of health services for adolescents.

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