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    Demographics, Socio-Economic Characteristics, and Risk Factor Prevalence in Patients with Non-Cardioembolic Ischaemic Stroke in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The OPTIC Registry
    (2012)
    Halim Abboud
    ;
    Julien Labreuche
    ;
    Antonio Arauz
    ;
    Alan Bryer
    ;
    Pablo G Lavados
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p> There is a paucity of data on patients with stroke/transient ischaemic attack in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to describe the characteristics and management of patients with an ischaemic stroke and recent transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes in low- or middle-income countries. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p> The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is an international, prospective study. Patients ≥45 years who required secondary prevention of stroke (either following an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale &lt;4) of &lt;24 h duration, or recent (&lt;6 months), stable, first-ever, non-disabling ischaemic stroke) were enrolled in 17 countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa. The main measures of interest were risk factors, comorbidities, and socio-economic variables. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p> Between January 2007 and December 2008, 3635 patients were enrolled in Latin America ( n =1543), the Middle East ( n =1041), North Africa ( n = 834), and South Africa ( n = 217). Of these, 63% had a stable, first-ever ischaemic stroke (median delay from symptom onset to inclusion, 25 days interquartile range, 7–77); 37% had an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke (median delay, two-days; interquartile range, 0–6). Prevalence of diabetes was 46% in the Middle East, 29% in Latin America, 35% in South Africa, and 38% in North Africa; 72% had abdominal obesity (range, 65–78%; adjusted P &lt; 0·001); prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 78% (range, 72–84%, P &lt; 0·001). Abnormal ankle brachial index (&lt;0·9) was present in 22%, peripheral artery disease in 7·6%, and coronary artery disease in 13%. Overall, 24% of patients had no health insurance and 27% had a low educational level. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation</jats:title><jats:p> In this study, patients in low- and middle-income countries had a high burden of modifiable risk factors. High rates of low educational level and lack of health insurance in certain regions are potential obstacles to risk factor control. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Funding</jats:title><jats:p> The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is supported by Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France. </jats:p></jats:sec>
      5Scopus© Citations 24
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    Predicting city poverty using satellite imagery
    (2019-06-01)
    Piaggesi, Simone
    ;
    Gauvin, Laetitia
    ;
    Tizzoni, Michele
    ;
    Adler, Natalia
    ;
    Verhulst, Stefaan
    Reliable data about socio-economic conditions of individuals, such as health indexes, consumption expenditures and wealth assets, remain scarce for most countries. Traditional methods to collect such data include on site surveys that can be expensive and labour intensive. On the other hand, remote sensing data, such as high-resolution satellite imagery, are becoming largely available. To circumvent the lack of socio-economic data at high granularity, computer vision has already been applied successfully to raw satellite imagery sampled from resource poor countries. In this work we apply a similar approach to the metropolitan areas of five different cities in North and South America, starting from pre-trained convolutional models used for poverty mapping in developing regions. Applying a transfer learning process we estimate household income from visual satellite features. The urban environment we consider is characterized by different features with respect to the resource-poor training environment, such as the high heterogeneity in population density. By leveraging both official and crowd-sourced data at city scale, we show the feasibility of estimating the socio-economic conditions of different neighborhoods from satellite data.
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      10Scopus© Citations 9
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    COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Acute Stroke Care in Latin America
    (2021)
    Virginia A. Pujol-Lereis
    ;
    Alan Flores
    ;
    Miguel A. Barboza
    ;
    Carlos Abanto-Argomedo
    ;
    Pablo Amaya
    Scopus© Citations 12  4
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    Scopus© Citations 18  2
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    The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile
    (2023)
    Deisy Del Real
    ;
    Felipe Crowhurst-Pons
    ;
    Lizeth Olave
    <jats:p>According to the social stress process model, global crises are macro-level stressors that generate physiological stress and psychological distress. However, existing research has not identified immigrants’ COVID-19 containment policy stressors or examined the social stress of sending remittances amid crises. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal interviews with 46 Venezuelan immigrants—half before and half during the pandemic—in Chile and Argentina, we identified the COVID-19 containment policies’ stressors. We focused on Venezuelan immigrants because they constitute one of the largest internationally displaced populations, with most migrating within South America. We found that the governmental COVID-19 containment measures in both countries generated four stressors: employment loss, income loss, devaluation of employment status, and inability to send needed remittances. Moreover, sending remittances helped some migrants cope with concerns about loved ones in Venezuela. However, sending remittances became a social stressor when immigrants struggled to simultaneously sustain their livelihoods and send financial support to relatives experiencing hardships in Venezuela. For some immigrants, these adversities generated other stressors (e.g., housing instability) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Broadly, for immigrants, the stressors of global crises transcend international borders and generate high stress, which strains their psychological well-being.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 9
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    An inquiry into the linkages between university ecosystem and students’ entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy
    (2021)
    Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de Moraes
    ;
    Bruno Brandão Fischer
    ;
    GUERRERO CANO, MARIBEL  
    ;
    Anne Kathleen Lopes da Rocha
    ;
    Paola Rücker Schaeffer
    Scopus© Citations 29  2
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      5Scopus© Citations 1
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      9Scopus© Citations 41
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    24/7 Physical Therapy Intervention With Adult Patients in a Chilean Intensive Care Unit: A Cost-Benefit Analysis in a Developing Country
    (2020)
    Catalina Merino-Osorio
    ;
    Mónica Velásquez
    ;
    Roberto Reveco
    ;
    José Ignacio Marmolejo
    ;
    Carolina Fu
    Scopus© Citations 5  2