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    Beneficial effects of human altruism
    (2011)
    Mariana Lozada
    ;
    D'Adamo
    ;
    Miguel Angel Fuentes
    Scopus© Citations 25  2
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    No association between genetic variants in MAOA, OXTR, and AVPR1a and cooperative strategies
    (2020)
    María I. Rivera-Hechem
    ;
    RODRÍGUEZ SICKERT, CARLOS ANDRÉS  
    ;
    GUZMÁN PRICE, RICARDO  
    ;
    Tadeo Ramírez-Parada
    ;
    BENAVIDES GONZALEZ, FELIPE ORLANDO  
    <jats:p>The effort to understand the genetic basis of human sociality has been encouraged by the diversity and heritability of social traits like cooperation. This task has remained elusive largely because most studies of sociality and genetics use sample sizes that are often unable to detect the small effects that single genes may have on complex social behaviors. The lack of robust findings could also be a consequence of a poor characterization of social phenotypes. Here, we explore the latter possibility by testing whether refining measures of cooperative phenotypes can increase the replication of previously reported associations between genetic variants and cooperation in small samples. Unlike most previous studies of sociality and genetics, we characterize cooperative phenotypes based on strategies rather than actions. Measuring strategies help differentiate between similar actions with different underlaying social motivations while controlling for expectations and learning. In an admixed Latino sample (n = 188), we tested whether cooperative strategies were associated with three genetic variants thought to influence sociality in humans—<jats:italic>MAOA</jats:italic>-uVNTR, <jats:italic>OXTR</jats:italic> rs53576, and <jats:italic>AVPR1</jats:italic> RS3. We found no association between cooperative strategies and any of the candidate genetic variants. Since we were unable to replicate previous observations our results suggest that refining measurements of cooperative phenotypes as strategies is not enough to overcome the inherent statistical power problem of candidate gene studies.</jats:p>
      9Scopus© Citations 2
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      6Scopus© Citations 6
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    No one is better than all together: the role of networks in pediatric intensive care
    (2019)
    Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
    ;
    Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante
    ;
    Franco Díaz
      1Scopus© Citations 5
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    Network Effects of Demographic Transition
    (2019)
    Tamas David-Barrett
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Traditional human societies use two of biology’s solutions to reduce free-riding: by collaborating with relatives, they rely on the mechanism of kin-selection, and by forming highly clustered social kin-networks, they can efficiently use reputation dynamics. Both of these solutions assume the presence of relatives. This paper shows how social networks change during demographic transition. With falling fertility, there are fewer children that could be relatives to one another. As the missing kin are replaced by non-kin friends, local clustering in the social network drops. This effect is compounded by increasing population size, characteristic of demographic transition. The paper also shows that the speed at which reputation spreads in the network slows down due to both falling fertility and increasing group size. Thus, demographic transition weakens both mechanisms for eliminating free-riders: there are fewer relatives around, and reputation spreads slower. This new link between falling fertility and the altered structure of the social network offers novel interpretations of the origins of legal institutions, the Small World phenomenon, the social impact of urbanisation, and the birds-of-a-feather friendship choice heuristic.</jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 26
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    Actualización del Plan Estratégico de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax (ALAT). «Los diez mandamientos para el quinquenio 2021-2026»
    (2021)
    Mark Cohen
    ;
    Alejandro Casas
    ;
    Gustavo Zabert
    ;
    Carlos A. Torres-Duque
    ;
    Francisco Arancibia
      17Scopus© Citations 1