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Morphine self-administration is inhibited by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine and the anti-inflammatory ibudilast; an effect enhanced by their co-administration
(2024)
María Elena Quintanilla
;
Paola Morales
;
Daniela Santapau
;
Javiera Gallardo
;
Rocío Rebolledo
<jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The treatment of opioid addiction mainly involves the medical administration of methadone or other opioids, aimed at gradually reducing dependence and, consequently, the need for illicit opioid procurement. Thus, initiating opioid maintenance therapy with a lower level of dependence would be advantageous. There is compelling evidence indicating that opioids induce brain oxidative stress and associated glial activation, resulting in the dysregulation of glutamatergic homeostasis, which perpetuates drug intake. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibiting oxidative stress and/or neuroinflammation reduces morphine self-administration in an animal model of opioid dependence.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Morphine dependence, assessed as voluntary morphine self-administration, was evaluated in Wistar-derived UChB rats. Following an extended period of morphine self-administration, animals were administered either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 40 mg/kg/day), the anti-inflammatory ibudilast (7.5 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both agents. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were evaluated in the hippocampus, a region involved in drug recall that feeds into the nucleus accumbens, where the levels of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and xCT were further assessed.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Daily administration of either NAC or ibudilast led to a mild reduction in voluntary morphine intake, while the co-administration of both therapeutic agents resulted in a marked inhibition (-57%) of morphine self-administration. The administration of NAC or ibudilast markedly reduced both the oxidative stress induced by chronic morphine intake and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. However, only the combined administration of NAC + ibudilast was able to restore the normal levels of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the nucleus accumbens.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Separate or joint administration of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent reduced voluntary opioid intake, which could have translational value for the treatment of opioid use disorders, particularly in settings where the continued maintenance of oral opioids is a therapeutic option.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
1Scopus© Citations 3
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The Effect of Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction on Biomechanical Measures During A Front Versus Back Loaded Barbell Squat
(2023)
Joseph B. McCormick
;
Alexander S. Drusch
;
Darragh J. Lynch
;
Gesine H. Seeber
;
Katherine F. Wilford
<jats:sec id="background"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Weightlifting is growing in popularity among recreational and competitive athletes. The barbell back squat (BackS) is commonly included in these training programs, while the barbell front squat (FrontS) is commonly performed as a component of other lifts such as the power clean or clean and jerk, it is less commonly practiced in isolation.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="hypothesispurpose"> <jats:title>Hypothesis/Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of VPAC performance on trunk muscle and LE biomechanical responses during loaded BackS versus FrontS in healthy subjects.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="study-design"> <jats:title>Study Design</jats:title> <jats:p>Controlled Laboratory Study</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="methods"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Healthy male subjects with the ability to perform a sub-maximal loaded barbell squat lift were recruited. Subjects completed informed consent, demographic/medical history questionnaires and an instructional video. Subjects practiced VPAC and received feedback. Surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes and kinematic markers were applied. Muscles included were the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis, iliocostalis lumborum (ICL), superficial multifidi, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions established reference sEMG values. A squat one-rep-max (1RM) was predicted by researchers using a three to five repetition maximum (3RM, 5RM) load protocol. Subjects performed BackS trials at 75% 1RM while FrontS trials were performed at 75% BackS weight, both with and without VPAC. Subjects performed three repetitions of each condition with feet positioned on two adjacent force plates. Significant interactions and main effects were tested using a 2(VPAC strategy) x 2(squat variation) and 2(VPAC strategy) x 2(direction) within-subject repeated measures ANOVAs. Tukey’s Post-Hoc tests identified the location of significant differences.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="results"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Trunk muscle activity was significantly higher during FrontS versus BackS regardless of VPAC condition. (IO: p=0.018, EO: p<0.001, ICL: p<0.001) VPAC increased performance time for both squat variations (p=.0011), which may be associated with decreased detrimental force potential on the lumbar spine and knees. VPAC led to improved ability to maintain a neutral lumbar spine during both squat variations. This finding is associated with decreased detrimental force potential on the lumbar spine.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="conclusions"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Findings could help guide practitioners and coaches to choose squat variations and incorporate VPAC strategies during their treatments and/or training programs.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="level-of-evidence"> <jats:title>Level of Evidence</jats:title> <jats:p>Level 3</jats:p> </jats:sec>
1
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Impact of acute psychosocial stress on attentional control in humans. A study of evoked potentials and pupillary response
(2023)
F. Rojas-Thomas
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C. Artigas
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G. Wainstein
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Juan-Pablo Morales
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M. Arriagada
Scopus© Citations 9 1
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Road Traffic Noise on the Santa Marta City Tourist Route
(2021)
Dámaris A. Jiménez-Uribe
;
Darwin Daniels
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FLEMING, ZOE LOUISE
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Andrés M. Vélez-Pereira
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of vehicular traffic on the environmental noise levels of the Santa Marta City tourist route on the Colombian coast. An analysis of vehicle types and frequencies at various times of the day over nearly a year helped to track the main sources of environmental noise pollution. Five sampling points were selected, which were distributed over 12 km, with three classified as peripheral urban and two as suburban. The average traffic flow was 966 vehicles/h and was mainly composed of automobiles, with higher values in the peripheral urban area. The noise level was 103.3 dBA, with background and peak levels of 87.2 and 107.3 dBA, respectively. The noise level was higher during the day; however, there were no differences between weekdays and weekends. The results from the analysis of variance showed that the number of vehicles and the noise levels varied greatly according to the time of day and sampling point location. The peak and mean noise levels were correlated with the number of automobiles, buses and heavy vehicles. The mean noise levels were similar at all sample points despite the traffic flow varying, and the background noise was only correlated for automobiles (which varied much more than the heavy vehicles between day and night).
Scopus© Citations 2 3
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Soleus muscle and Achilles tendon compressive stiffness is related to knee and ankle positioning
(2022)
Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
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BESOMI MOLINA, MANUELA
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Nicolás Acevedo-Valenzuela
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Kevin Cares-Marambio
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Alejandro Bustamante
3Scopus© Citations 10
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Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: alteraciones cardiovasculares al ingreso y evolución a 3 meses [Female adolescents with eating disordes: cardiac abnormalities]
(2019)
Verónica Marín B.
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VIVIAN CECILIA RYBERTT VERGARA
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Ana M. Briceño
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Marcela Abufhele
;
Pascuala Donoso
3Scopus© Citations 4

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