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    Scopus© Citations 3  8
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    A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
    (2021)
    David Danko
    ;
    Daniela Bezdan
    ;
    Evan E. Afshin
    ;
    Sofia Ahsanuddin
    ;
    Chandrima Bhattacharya
    Scopus© Citations 292  6
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    Characterization of microbial communities from gut microbiota of hypercholesterolemic and control subjects
    (2022)
    Cristian Morales
    ;
    Gabriel Rojas
    ;
    Camilo Rebolledo
    ;
    Marcelo Rojas-Herrera
    ;
    Raúl Arias-Carrasco
    <jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, several studies have evidenced the importance of the microbiome to host physiology as metabolism regulator, along with its potential role in triggering various diseases. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic (cases) and normocholesterolemic (controls) individuals to identify characteristic microbial signature for each condition.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Stool samples were obtained from 57 adult volunteers (27 hypercholesterolemic and 30 controls). The taxonomic profiling of microbial communities was performed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons, followed by data analysis using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were observed in weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). LEfSe showed differentially abundant prokaryotic taxa (α=0.05, LDA score &amp;gt; 2.0) in the group of hypercholesterolemic individuals (<jats:italic>Methanosphaera</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rothia</jats:italic>, Chromatiales, Clostridiales, Bacillaceae and Coriobacteriaceae) and controls (<jats:italic>Faecalibacterium</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Victivallis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Selenomonas)</jats:italic> at various taxonomic levels. In addition, through the application of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2), the predominance of pathways related to biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemic patients was established, compared to controls in which degradation pathways were predominant. Finally, in the analysis of co-occurrence networks, it was possible to identify associations between the microorganisms present in both studied groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Our results point out to unique microbial signatures, which likely play a role on the cholesterol metabolism in the studied population.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 10  2
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    Digital Therapeutics Care Utilizing Genetic and Gut Microbiome Signals for the Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Results From a Preliminary Retrospective Study
    (2022)
    Shreyas V. Kumbhare
    ;
    Patricia A. Francis-Lyon
    ;
    Dashyanng Kachru
    ;
    Tejaswini Uday
    ;
    Carmel Irudayanathan
    <jats:p>Diet and lifestyle-related illnesses including functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and obesity are rapidly emerging health issues worldwide. Research has focused on addressing FGIDs via in-person cognitive-behavioral therapies, diet modulation and pharmaceutical intervention. Yet, there is paucity of research reporting on digital therapeutics care delivering weight loss and reduction of FGID symptom severity, and on modeling FGID status and symptom severity reduction including personalized genomic SNPs and gut microbiome signals. Our aim for this study was to assess how effective a digital therapeutics intervention personalized on genomic SNPs and gut microbiome signals was at reducing symptomatology of FGIDs on individuals that successfully lost body weight. We also aimed at modeling FGID status and FGID symptom severity reduction using demographics, genomic SNPs, and gut microbiome variables. This study sought to train a logistic regression model to differentiate the FGID status of subjects enrolled in a digital therapeutics care program using demographic, genetic, and baseline microbiome data. We also trained linear regression models to ascertain changes in FGID symptom severity of subjects at the time of achieving 5% or more of body weight loss compared to baseline. For this we utilized a cohort of 177 adults who reached 5% or more weight loss on the Digbi Health personalized digital care program, who were retrospectively surveyed about changes in symptom severity of their FGIDs and other comorbidities before and after the program. Gut microbiome taxa and demographics were the strongest predictors of FGID status. The digital therapeutics program implemented, reduced the summative severity of symptoms for 89.42% (93/104) of users who reported FGIDs. Reduction in summative FGID symptom severity and IBS symptom severity were best modeled by a mixture of genomic and microbiome predictors, whereas reduction in diarrhea and constipation symptom severity were best modeled by microbiome predictors only. This preliminary retrospective study generated diagnostic models for FGID status as well as therapeutic models for reduction of FGID symptom severity. Moreover, these therapeutic models generate testable hypotheses for associations of a number of biomarkers in the prognosis of FGIDs symptomatology.</jats:p>
      30Scopus© Citations 12
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    Bacterial adhesion to collagens: implications for biofilm formation and disease progression in the oral cavity
    (2021)
    Simón Álvarez
    ;
    Camila Leiva-Sabadini
    ;
    Christina M. A. P. Schuh
    ;
    Sebastian Aguayo
    Scopus© Citations 26  4
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    Scopus© Citations 12  2
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    Complex Interaction between Resident Microbiota and Misfolded Proteins: Role in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
    (2020)
    Juliana González-Sanmiguel
    ;
    Christina M. A. P. Schuh
    ;
    Carola Muñoz-Montesino
    ;
    Pamina Contreras-Kallens
    ;
    Luis G. Aguayo
    <jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) are brain conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are associated with the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ), alpha synuclein (α-Syn) and prion protein (PrP) depositions in the brain, respectively, which lead to synaptic disconnection and subsequent progressive neuronal death. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases, the specific mechanisms of their origins remain largely unknown. A body of research suggests a potential association between host microbiota, neuroinflammation and dementia, either directly due to bacterial brain invasion because of barrier leakage and production of toxins and inflammation, or indirectly by modulating the immune response. In the present review, we focus on the emerging topics of neuroinflammation and the association between components of the human microbiota and the deposition of Aβ, α-Syn and PrP in the brain. Special focus is given to gut and oral bacteria and biofilms and to the potential mechanisms associating microbiome dysbiosis and toxin production with neurodegeneration. The roles of neuroinflammation, protein misfolding and cellular mediators in membrane damage and increased permeability are also discussed.</jats:p>
      3Scopus© Citations 34
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    Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. among Patients Who Do Not Acquire Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
    (2016)
    ARAOS BRALIC, RAFAEL IGNACIO  
    ;
    Albert K. Tai
    ;
    Graham M. Snyder
    ;
    Martin J. Blaser
    ;
    Erika M. C. D'Agata
    Scopus© Citations 25  1
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    Fecal Microbiome Among Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia and Clostridium difficile
    (2018)
    ARAOS BRALIC, RAFAEL IGNACIO  
    ;
    Nikolaos Andreatos
    ;
    Juan Ugalde
    ;
    Susan Mitchell
    ;
    Eleftherios Mylonakis
      18Scopus© Citations 27
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    Scopus© Citations 14  2