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    Microbial Community and Enzyme Activity of Forest Plantation, Natural Forests, and Agricultural Land in Chilean Coastal Cordillera Soils
    (2023)
    Yessica Rivas
    ;
    Humberto Aponte
    ;
    RIVERA SALAZAR, DIEGO ANDRÉS  
    ;
    Francisco Matus
    ;
    Oscar Martínez
    <jats:p>Despite the global expansion of forest plantations in Chile, their effect on biology properties of soil has still been only scarcely studied. Land use change in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (36° to 40° S) is mainly attributed to the conversion of native forest to agriculture and forest plantations (Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata de Don). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the changes in microbial composition (PCR-DGGE) and enzyme activity after the substitution of a native forest (e.g., Nothofagus spp.) by fast-growing exotic species and cropping. The most important factors that influence the abundance and diversity of bacteria and the fungi community were the soil organic matter (SOM) content, phosphorous (P-Olsen), calcium (Ca), boron (B), and water-holding capacity. These variables can better predict the microbial community composition and its enzymatic activity in the surface Ah horizon. Land use change also affected chemical soil properties of biogeochemical cycles. However, to deeply understand the connection between chemical and physical soil factors and microbial community composition, more research is needed. On the other hand, the expansion of forest plantations in Chile should be subject to legislation aimed to protect the biological legacy as a strategy for forest productivity as well as the soil microbial biodiversity.</jats:p>
      2Scopus© Citations 5
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    An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis and optimization modeling approach to spatially operational road repair decisions
    (2021)
    Sättar Ezzati
    ;
    PALMA INFANTE, CRISTIAN DERECK  
    ;
    Pete Bettinger
    ;
    Ljusk Ola Eriksson
    ;
    Anjali Awasthi
    In this study, we developed a generic cost-effective approach for spatially explicit decision support involving the allocation of road repair treatments. The approach begins with an assessment of the existing road condition to identify the extent of environmental impacts and to determine road repair regimes in a subjective manner using group-decision making efforts. An integer programming model is then formulated by combining expert opinions with operational costs to guide repair schedules required for each road segment at the operational planning level. To demonstrate model performance, we applied it to a 400 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> landscape consisting of 289 km of paved roads in the mountainous region of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran. We assessed sensitivity of the inputs, such as weight verification, budgetary limitations, and rehabilitation weights. The results of the subjective analysis show that 76% of the roads analyzed in these forests must be prioritized to receive treatments as intended for logistical purposes. Incorporating the extent of environmental dimensions into operational costs allows us to generate an optimal tradeoff curve by selecting an appropriate treatment for segments of a road network. The approach demonstrated here can be used to design detailed alternative solutions for addressing spatially-informed road decisions under various terrain conditions.
      4Scopus© Citations 5
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    Diversifying Chile’s climate action away from industrial plantations
    (2021)
    Jorge Hoyos-Santillan
    ;
    Alejandro Miranda
    ;
    Antonio Lara
    ;
    Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui
    ;
    Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta
    Scopus© Citations 18  5
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    Comparison of Three Daily Rainfall-Runoff Hydrological Models Using Four Evapotranspiration Models in Four Small Forested Watersheds with Different Land Cover in South-Central Chile
    (2021)
    Neftali Flores
    ;
    Rolando Rodríguez
    ;
    Santiago Yépez
    ;
    Victor Osores
    ;
    Pedro Rau
    We used the lumped rainfall–runoff hydrologic models Génie Rural à 4, 5, 6 paramètres Journalier (GR4J, GR5J and GR6J) to evaluate the most robust model for simulating discharge on four forested small catchments (&lt;40 ha) in south-central Chile. Different evapotranspiration methods were evaluated: Oudin, Hargreaves–Samani and Priestley–Taylor. Oudin’s model allows the achievement of the highest efficiencies in the flow simulation. The more sensitive parameters for each model were identified through a Generalized Probability Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) model. Our results demonstrate that the three hydrological models were capable of efficiently simulating flow in the four study catchments. However, the GR6J model obtained the most satisfactory results in terms of simulated to measured streamflow closeness. In general, the three models tended to underestimate peak flow, as well as underestimate and overestimate flow events in most of the in situ observations, according to the probability of non-exceedance. We also evaluated the models’ performance in a simulation of summer discharge due to the importance of downstream water supply in the months of greatest scarcity. Again, we found that GR6J obtained the most efficient simulations.
      4  1Scopus© Citations 33
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    Demographic and performance effects of alternative host use in a Neotropical treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae)
    (2020)
    Carlos F. Pinto
    ;
    Daniel Torrico-Bazoberry
    ;
    Luis Flores-Prado
    ;
    Ramiro O. Bustamante
    ;
    Hermann M. Niemeyer
      8Scopus© Citations 4
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      8Scopus© Citations 9
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    Scopus© Citations 33  6
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