Universidad del Desarrollo

Mediante un estudio de diseño que desarrolla una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje para la inferencia estadística informal (ISI), se introdujo a estudiantes de grado 3 y 4 (n=23), conceptos claves de variabilidad, muestreo repetido y distribución muestral empírica. La trayectoria de cinco pasos con un enfoque lúdico del experimento aleatorio del lanzamiento de dos monedas comprendía: obtener muestras; reconocer la incertidumbre y expresarla con lenguaje de posibilidades; contrastar predicciones mediante muestreo repetido; visualizar y reconocer la variabilidad entre muestras; asignar niveles de posibilidades considerando la distribución muestral empírica al generalizar más allá de los datos. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes de ambos grados pueden acceder a conceptos de la ISI, logrando hacer inferencias informales y presentando niveles sofisticados en el razonamiento propio de la ISI.

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the statistical arguments produced by third-grade students (8–9 years old) and to identify the teaching support for collective argumentation in a lesson based on data comparison. A Lesson Study Group researched and planned the lesson around a problem from the official mathematics textbook.Design/methodology/approachFrom an interpretative perspective, we have analysed the arguments produced by students in a situation where they should give reasons to support or refute some claims based on data analysis. We looked at how some teaching support strategies promoted collective argumentation.FindingsThe strategies outlined in the lesson plan enabled the teacher to foster collective argumentation, encouraging students to provide reasoning based on data analysis. The lesson plan served as a means of improving the context presented in the textbook, guiding the development of well-structured teaching, and promoting high-quality teaching practices.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations, and future lines of research by the LSG is the deepening of teachers' understanding of the support required for CA in their classrooms so that they can distinguish the components of an argument and their role in and interpretation of the effectiveness of the arguments. In addition, the lesson plan did not consider in depth aspects such as the argumentative processes of the students, nor did it implement specific actions to promote argumentation. Addressing these limitations would be interesting and is necessary, considering that teachers still do not understand the key role of argumentation in learning and that the mastery of CA strategies is still a challenge for initial teacher training and for professional development programs for teachers.Practical implicationsFor research purposes, evidence is presented of the types of teacher support in collective argumentation in a comparative task of two dot plots. For teaching purposes, these types of support can be pointed out within Lesson Study Groups and included in lesson plans, allowing discussions and base-data argumentation.Social implicationsThe research has social implications in civic development, educational inclusion, and adaptation to technological and pandemic changes, with a focus on inferential statistical reasoning and the crucial role of the teacher in facilitating collective argumentation in the online school classroom.Originality/valueThe study enriches knowledge about the potential of Lesson Study and the possibilities of planned online lessons to develop professional learning on collective argumentation with data, as exemplary teaching practices that should be widely shared.

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