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Author: search.filters.author.Nicolás CrisostoSubject: search.filters.subject.obesity

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    Fish Oil Supplementation Attenuates Offspring’s Neurodevelopmental Changes Induced by a Maternal High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model
    (MDPI AG, 2025-05-21)
    Yasna Muñoz
    ;
    Heidy Kaune
    ;
    Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
    ;
    Gonzalo Cruz
    ;
    Jorge Toledo
    <jats:p>Background/Objectives: A maternal high-fat diet (HFD) impairs brain structure in offspring. In turn, fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we investigated whether maternal HFD exposure affected the neurological reflexes, neuron morphology, and n-3 PUFA levels in the cerebral cortex of the offspring and whether these effects were mitigated by maternal FO consumption. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats received a control diet (CD, 10% Kcal fat) or HFD (45% Kcal fat) five weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. From mating, a subgroup of HFD was supplemented with 11.4% FO into the diet (HFD-FO). Neurological reflexes were evaluated from postnatal day (PND) 3 until PND20. Brains were removed at PND22 for neuron morphology analysis. Moreover, fatty acid composition and transcripts of genes encoding for factors associated with synapse transmission (SNAP-25), plasticity (BDNF), transport of DHA (MFSD2a), and inflammation (NF-κB and IL-1β) were quantified in prefrontal, motor, and auditory cortices. Results: FO diminished the effects of HFD on the number of thin and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines in the cerebral cortex in both sexes. It also reversed the HFD effects on the motor and auditory reflexes in female and male offspring, respectively. In males, FO up-regulated Bdnf transcript levels in the motor cortex compared with CD and HFD. In females, n-3 PUFAs were higher in HFD and HFD-FO than in CD in the auditory cortex. Conclusions: Our results highlight the protective role of maternal dietary n-3 PUFAs in counteracting the effects induced by HFD on the acquisition of neurological reflexes and neuronal morphology in the cerebral cortex of the offspring of both sexes.</jats:p>
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    Item type:Publication,
    Linoleic and Arachidonic Fatty Acids and their Potential Relationship
    with Inflammation, Pregnancy, and Fetal Development
    (2024)
    Macarena Ortiz
    ;
    Daniela Álvarez
    ;
    Yasna Muñoz
    ;
    Nicolás Crisosto
    ;
    Rodrigo Valenzuela
    <jats:sec> <jats:title>Abstract:</jats:title> <jats:p>A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA, could produce during pregnancy.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including in vivo and in vitro models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p>An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 6  11
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    Association between maternal obesity, essential fatty acids and biomarkers of fetal liver function
    (2023)
    Macarena Ortiz
    ;
    Francisca Sánchez
    ;
    Daniela Álvarez
    ;
    Cristian Flores
    ;
    Francisca Salas-Pérez
      7Scopus© Citations 5