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Author: search.filters.author.Francisco GuerraSubject: search.filters.subject.feces

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    Head-to-head comparison of CAMPYAIR aerobic culture medium versus standard microaerophilic culture for Campylobacter isolation from clinical samples
    (2023)
    Arturo Levican
    ;
    Carmen Varela
    ;
    Lorena Porte  
    ;
    WEITZEL, THOMAS  
    ;
    Isabel Briceño
    <jats:p><jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> spp. are considered the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, outside high-income countries, its burden is poorly understood. Limited published data suggest that <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> prevalence in low- and middle-income countries is high, but their reservoirs and age distribution are different. Culturing <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> is expensive due to laboratory equipment and supplies needed to grow the bacterium (e.g., selective culture media, microaerophilic atmosphere, and a 42°C incubator). These requirements limit the diagnostic capacity of clinical laboratories in many resource-poor regions, leading to significant underdiagnosis and underreporting of isolation of the pathogen. CAMPYAIR, a newly developed selective differential medium, permits <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> isolation without the need for microaerophilic incubation. The medium is supplemented with antibiotics to allow <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> isolation in complex matrices such as human feces. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of the medium to recover <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> from routine clinical samples. A total of 191 human stool samples were used to compare the ability of CAMPYAIR (aerobic incubation) and a commercial <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> medium (CASA, microaerophilic incubation) to recover <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic>. All <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> isolates were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS. CAMPYAIR showed sensitivity and specificity values of 87.5% (95% CI 47.4%–99.7%) and 100% (95% CI 98%–100%), respectively. The positive predictive value of CAMPYAIR was 100% and its negative predictive value was 99.5% (95% CI 96.7%–99.9%); Kappa Cohen coefficient was 0.93 (95% CI 0.79–1.0). The high diagnostic performance and low technical requirements of the CAMPYAIR medium could permit <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> culture in countries with limited resources.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 3  1
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    Item type:Publication,
    Genomic Analysis of Chilean Strains of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Faeces
    (2019)
    Arturo Levican
    ;
    Ignacio Ramos-Tapia
    ;
    Isabel Briceño
    ;
    Francisco Guerra
    ;
    Benjamin Mena
    <jats:p><jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic>spp., especially<jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>, are recognized worldwide as the bacterial species that most commonly cause food-related diarrhea.<jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>possesses many different virulence factors, has the ability to survive in different reservoirs, and has shown among isolates the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Genome association analyses of this bacterial pathogen have contributed to a better understanding of its pathogenic and AMR associated determinants. However, the epidemiological information of these bacteria in Latin American countries is scarce and no genomic information is available in public databases from isolates in these countries. Considering this, the present study is aimed to describe the genomic traits from representative<jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic>spp. strains recovered from faecal samples of patients with acute diarrhoea from Valparaíso, Chile.<jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic>spp. was detected from the faeces of 28 (8%) out of 350 patients with acute diarrhoea, mainly from young adults and children, and 26 (93%) of the isolates corresponded to<jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>. 63% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 25.9% to tetracycline, and 3.5% to erythromycin. Three isolates were selected for WGS on the basis of their<jats:italic>flaA</jats:italic>-RFLP genotype. They belonged to the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal clomplex (CC) 21(PUCV-1), CC-48 (PUCV-3), and CC-353 (PUCV-2) and presented several putative virulence genes, including the Type IV and Type VI Secretion Systems, as well as AMR-associated genes in agreement with their susceptibility pattern. On the basis of the wgMLST, they were linked to strains from poultry and ruminants. These are the first genomes of Chilean<jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>isolates available in public databases and they provide relevant information about the<jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>isolates associated with human infection in this country.</jats:p>
      28Scopus© Citations 18