Universidad del Desarrollo

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Towards closing socio-economic status disparities in COVID-19 premature mortality: a nationwide and trend analysis in Chile
(2024)
Lea Maureira
;
Cinthya Urquidi
;
Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza
;
Mario Soto-Marchant
;
Patricia Matus
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Socio-economic status (SES) disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality have been reported but complete information and time trends are scarce. In this study, we analysed the years of life lost (YLL) due to COVID-19 premature mortality during the pandemic in Chile and its evolution according to SES and sex compared with a counterfactual scenario [cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)].</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Method</jats:title> <jats:p>We used Chile’s national mortality databases from 2020 to 2022. YLL and age-standardized YLL and mortality rates by sex and by epidemic waves were determined. The 346 communes were stratified into SES groups according to their poverty index quintile. Negative binomial regression models were used to test trends.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>In &gt;2 years of the pandemic, the COVID-19 YLL was 975 937, corresponding to 61 174 deaths. The YLL rate per 100 000 inhabitants was 1027 for males and 594 for females. There was a heterogeneous distribution of YLL rates and the regional level. Communes in the most advantaged SES quintile (Q5) had the highest YLL during the first wave compared with those in the lowest SES quintile (Q1) (P &lt; 0.001) but the opposite was true during the second wave. COVID-19 YLL trends declined and differences between Q1 and Q2 vs Q5 converged from the second to the fourth waves (0.33 and 0.15, Ptrend &lt; 0.001 and Ptrend = 0.024). YLL declined but differences persisted in stroke (–0.002, Ptrend = 0.979).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>COVID-19 deaths resulted in a higher impact on premature death in Chile, especially in men, with a heterogeneous geographic distribution along the territory. SES and sex disparities in COVID-19 premature mortality had narrowed by the end of the pandemic.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
1Scopus© Citations 3
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Vaccine effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-related hospitalization after a risk-age-based mass vaccination program in a Chilean municipality: A comparison of observational study designs
(2024)
Cinthya Urquidi
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Alejandro Sepúlveda-Peñaloza
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María T. Valenzuela
;
Alexander Ponce
;
Verónica Menares
5Scopus© Citations 1
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Intereses y perspectiva sobre la carrera de medicina: un contraste entre estudiantes de medicina de primero y séptimo año
(2012)
Alberto Toso
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María José Ayala
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Valentina Brunner
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Josefina Rodríguez
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María Isabel Hernández
6Scopus© Citations 10
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The added effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions and lifestyle behaviors on vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 in Chile: A matched case-double control study
(2023)
Cinthya Urquidi
;
Emilio Santelices
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Anne J. Lagomarcino
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María Teresa Valenzuela
;
Nicolás Larrañaga
Scopus© Citations 5 3
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Source of NGAL for Diabetic Kidney Disease Evaluation in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
(2022)
Francisca Ugarte
;
Daniela Santapau
;
Vivian Gallardo
;
Carolina Garfias
;
Anahí Yizmeyián
<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Tubular damage has a role in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). We evaluated the early tubulointerstitial damage biomarkers in type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) pediatric participants and studied the correlation with classical DKD parameters.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four T1DM and fifteen healthy participants were enrolled. Clinical and biochemical parameters [Glomerular filtration Rate (GFR), microalbuminuria (MAU), albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] were evaluated. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells-5 (NFAT5) levels were studied in the supernatant (S) and the exosome-like extracellular vesicles (E) fraction from urine samples.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In the T1DM, 12% had MAU &gt;20 mg/L, 6% ACR &gt;30 mg/g, and 88% had eGFR &gt;140 ml/min/1.72 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. NGAL in the S (NGAL-S) or E (NGAL-E) fraction was not detectable in the control. The NGAL-E was more frequent (p = 0.040) and higher (p = 0.002) than NGAL-S in T1DM. The T1DM participants with positive NGAL had higher age (p = 0.03), T1DM evolution (p = 0.03), and serum creatinine (p = 0.003) than negative NGAL. The NGAL-E correlated positively with tanner stage (p = 0.0036), the median levels of HbA1c before enrollment (p = 0.045) and was independent of ACR, MAU, and HbA1c at the enrollment. NFAT5 and HIF-1α levels were not detectable in T1DM or control.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Urinary exosome-like extracellular vesicles could be a new source of early detection of tubular injury biomarkers of DKD in T1DM patients.</jats:p></jats:sec>
2Scopus© Citations 18 2

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