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Author: search.filters.author.Camila CabreraSubject: search.filters.subject.helicobacter pylori

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    Item type:Publication,
    Concordance of Helicobacter pylori Detection Methods in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents
    (MDPI AG, 2025-03-04)
    Camila Cabrera
    ;
    Yanira Campusano
    ;
    Joaquín Torres
    ;
    Dinka Ivulic
    ;
    Valeria Galvez
    Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection globally, acquired mostly during childhood. It is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Due to challenges in culturing H. pylori, diagnostic reference standards often rely on combining ≥2 non-culture, biopsy-based methods. Histology with Giemsa staining is widely used in clinical settings due to its low cost and reliable performance. Methods: This study evaluated the concordance between histology with Giemsa staining as the reference standard and other diagnostic methods, including the rapid urease test (RUT), ureA RT-PCR, 16S sequencing, and anti-H. pylori serum IgG. Positive percent of agreement (PPA), negative percent of agreement (NPA) and concordance kappa index were calculated. Results: A total of 120 patients (41 positive and 79 negative by Giemsa staining) were analyzed. Among the methods tested, RT-PCR for ureA showed the best performance (PPA = 94.7%, NPA = 98.6%, kappa = 0.939), while RUT underperformed compared with expectations (PPA = 65.9%, NPA = 97.5%, kappa = 0.681). Serology had the lowest performance (PPA = 53.7%, NPA = 96.1%, kappa = 0.548). Conclusions: The combination of histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR achieved the highest detection rate and strongest agreement.</jats:p>
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    Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Isolated From Latin American Children and Adolescents (2008–2023): A Systematic Review
    (2024)
    Camila Cabrera
    ;
    Joaquín Torres
    ;
    Carolina A. Serrano
    ;
    Paulina Gallardo
    ;
    Vicente Orellana
    <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Latin America has a high prevalence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic> in children that may lead to peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer in adulthood. Successful eradication is hindered by rising antimicrobial resistance. We summarize <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> resistance rates in Latin American children from 2008 to 2023.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist to assess risk of bias (PROSPERO CRD42024517108) that included original cross‐sectional observational studies reporting resistance to commonly used antibiotics in Latin American children and adolescents. We searched in PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of 51 studies, 45 were excluded. The quality of the six analyzed studies (297 <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic>‐positive samples) was satisfactory. Phenotypic methods (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3) reported higher resistance rates than genotypic studies (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3). Clarithromycin resistance ranged from 8.0% to 26.7% (6 studies; 297 samples), metronidazole from 1.9% to 40.2% (4 studies; 211 samples), amoxicillin from 0% to 10.4% (3 studies; 158 samples), tetracycline resistance was not detected (3 studies; 158 samples), and levofloxacin resistance was 2.8% (1 study; 36 samples).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Scarce Latin American studies on <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> resistance, along with methodological heterogeneity, hinder conclusive findings. Clarithromycin and metronidazole (first‐line drugs) resistance is worrisome, likely impacting lower eradication rates. Urgent systematic surveillance or individual testing before treatment is necessary to enhance eradication.</jats:p></jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 3  4