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Author: search.filters.author.Anna Costa-Garrido

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    Item type:Publication,
    SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study
    (JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-11-22)
    Pere Torán-Monserrat
    ;
    Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
    ;
    Anna Costa-Garrido
    ;
    Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
    ;
    Bibiana Quirant
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec sec-type="background"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 progresses, it becomes crucial to comprehend the lasting effects of vaccination on safeguarding against new infections or reinfections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="objective"> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the risk of new SARS-CoV-2 infections based on the number of vaccine doses, prior infections, and other clinical characteristics.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="methods"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We defined a cohort of 800 health care workers in a 24-month study (March 2020 to December 2022) in northern Barcelona to determine new infections by SARS-CoV-2. We used extended Cox models, specifically Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice-Williams-Peterson, and we examined the risk of new infections. The AG model incorporated variables such as sex, age, job title, number of chronic conditions, vaccine doses, and prior infections. Additionally, 2 Prentice-Williams-Peterson models were adjusted, one for those individuals with no or 1 infection and another for those with 2 or 3 infections, both with the same covariates as the AG model.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="results"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The 800 participants (n=605, 75.6% women) received 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of the vaccine. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, the number of vaccine doses significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) the risk of infection by 66%, 81%, 89%, and 99%, respectively. Unit increase in the number of prior infections reduced the risk of infection by 75% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001). When separating individuals by number of previous infections, risk was significantly reduced for those with no or 1 infection by 61% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=.02), and by 88%, 93%, and 99% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) with 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses, respectively. In contrast, for those with 2 or 3 previous infections, the reduction was only significant with the fourth dose, at 98% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001). The number of chronic diseases only increased the risk by 28%‐31% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt;.001) for individuals with 0‐1 previous infections.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec sec-type="conclusions"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The study suggests that both prior infections and vaccination status significantly contribute to SARS-CoV-2 immunity, supporting vaccine effectiveness in reducing risk of reinfection for up to 24 months after follow-up from the onset of the pandemic. These insights contribute to our understanding of long-term immunity dynamics and inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
    Scopus© Citations 1  2