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Desafíos para el abordaje de la salud de los migrantes en Chile durante la pandemia por Covid-19: una revisión de alcance
(2024)
CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
;
Alice Blukacz
;
Isabel Rada
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OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA ANGELICA
<jats:p>Objetivo. Indagar sobre los principales desafíos reportados en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria de SARS-CoV-2 según la evidencia científica disponible a la fecha en esta materia en Chile. Material y métodos. Revisión de alcance con base en tres búsquedas en Web of Science, PubMed y Google Scholar de publicaciones en inglés y español publicadas entre 2020 y 2023. Resultados. Se identificaron tres áreas clave: desafíos de acceso y uso efectivo del sistema de salud, desafíos más allá del sistema de salud, incluyendo aquellas relaciones con determinantes sociales de la salud, autocuidado e información y, finalmente, desafíos de integración de los enfoques de interculturalidad, género y cooperación internacional. Conclusiones. Se evidencian oportunidades de mejorar el abordaje de la salud de personas migrantes internacionales en Chile a raíz de la pandemia por Covid-19, de cara a futuras crisis sanitarias y para reducir brechas e inequidades que impactan la salud poblacional.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 1 1
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Burns: Why give special attention to adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean from a primary health prevention perspective?
(2023)
Alice Blukacz
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Rodrigo Fuentes
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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Carmina Domic
<jats:p>The existing evidence on burns in the underage population has focused mainly on children under ten years, leaving behind the age group defined as "adolescents" by the World Health Organization. However, adolescents present their own characteristics that differentiate them from their younger counterparts. These differences are relevant from a primary prevention perspective, focusing on preventing illness or injury. In this context, this article reflects on why adolescents need special attention in the primary prevention of burns in Latin America and the Caribbean. First, burn scenarios in adolescents are often linked to participation in risky activities due to pressure, social desirability, or low perception of the associated risks. Second, it is essential to emphasize that adolescents may experience social vulnerability, which entails a higher risk of suffering an intentional or unintentional burn. Third, the risk of burns in adolescents may be related to mental health and self-harm scenarios. These aspects need to be investigated through both quantitative and qualitative studies to design and implement primary prevention strategies relevant to this population group in the region.</jats:p>
4Scopus© Citations 1
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Unequal Access and Use of Health Care Services among Settled Immigrants, Recent Immigrants, and Locals: A Comparative Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey in Chile
(2022)
Marcela Oyarte
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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Isabel Rada
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Alice Blukacz
;
Manuel Espinoza
<jats:p>Globally, and particularly in the Latin American region, international migration continues to grow. Access and use of health care services by migrants vary according to their country of origin and residence time. We aimed to compare the access and use of health care services between international migrants (including settled migrants from Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador; Emerging migrants from Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Haiti; and migrants from other countries) and the Chilean population. After performing a secondary data analysis of population-based nationally representative surveys (CASEN 2011–2017), access and use patterns (insurance, complementary insurance, non-consultation, and non-treatment coverage) were described and compared among settled immigrants, recent emerging immigrants, others, and locals. Immigrants had a significantly higher uninsured population compared to locals. Specifically, in CASEN 2017, 19.27% of emerging (95% CI: 15.3–24.1%), 11.79% of settled (95% CI: 10.1–13.7%), and 2.25% of locals (95% CI: 2.1–2.4%) were uninsured. After 2013, settled and recent emerging migrants showed higher percentages of non-consultation. Collaborative and interculturally relevant strategies from human rights and equity perspectives are needed. Initiatives with a particular focus on recent immigrants can contribute to reducing the existing disparities in health care access and use with locals due to lack of insurance and treatment coverage.</jats:p>
9Scopus© Citations 10
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Perceived barriers and facilitators for adhering to COVID-19 preventive measures in Chile: a qualitative study in three large cities
(2023)
OBACH KING, ALEXANDRA ALICE
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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Francisca Vezzani
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Consuelo Robledo
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Alice Blukacz
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Globally, it has been reported that different social determinants of health -structural, sociodemographic, economic, living conditions and cultural factors- may affect opportunities to adhere to prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions around barriers and facilitators for adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures among the adult population residing in three large cities in Chile from a social determinants of health perspective.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Qualitative paradigm, multiple case-study design. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and women aged 18 and over from different socioeconomic groups residing in three large cities. For participant recruitment and selection, purposive contacts were made based on community and social media networks, followed by snowball sampling. Saturation was reached at 61 participants, after which a thematic analysis was carried out with the support of AtlasTi software. The Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Desarrollo in Chile approved this study.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The main perceived barriers to adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures are linked to structural social determinants of health such as income, occupation, gender, access to basic supplies, and housing. Perceived facilitators are the fear of contagion and the incorporation of measures into daily habits. The social communication of preventive measures by health authorities is perceived as punitive, affecting adherence once the fear of contagion decreased in the country. It is also perceived that the recommended preventive measures are disconnected from communities’ cultural practices and people´s identity, as well as affected by gender inequities and socioeconomic conditions that stakeholders in the country do not sufficiently address.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Study findings suggest that adherence to preventive measures, such as social distancing, mask use, and hand washing, could be promoted through their incorporation into the daily life habits of people and communities. These measures should consider the structural social determinants that generate multiple barriers to adherence, like poverty, occupational risks, and overcrowding. Socio-cultural dimensions of health and everyday risks need further understanding among the different communities in the country, allowing for differences in viewpoints and practices based on gender, age, place, and social identity.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
Scopus© Citations 2 1
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COVID-19: leaving no one behind in Latin America
(2020)
Alice Blukacz
;
CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
3Scopus© Citations 8
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Health in Chile’s Recent Constitutional Process: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Civil Proposals
(2022)
CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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Sophie Esnouf
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Alice Blukacz
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Manuel A. Espinoza
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Edward Mezones-Holguin
<jats:p>(1) Background: In response to the recent political crisis in Chile, the “Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution’’ was approved. We aimed to analyze the health-related civil proposals uploaded to the official website for popular participation in the new constitution in Chile. (2) Methods: We carried out a qualitative thematic analysis of 126 health-related valid proposals. Moreover, we analyzed their link to the Health Goals 2030, established by the Ministry of Health of Chile and to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (3) Results: Sixteen main categories were reached. In all, they were organized into four main areas: (i) the right to health and the establishment of a universal health system; (ii) effective access to selected healthcare services; (iii) improving health outcomes for all and for the relevant subgroups; and (iv) the social determinants of health, health in all the policies, and community health. We found that these four areas were strongly linked to the Health Goals 2030 for Chile and to the SDGs. (4) Conclusions: Despite the fact that the new constitutional proposal was rejected in September 2022, the civil health-related proposals and the areas of health and healthcare were of interest to the citizens as the request showed a strong demand from the population for participation in matters of health, healthcare, and public health.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 2 2
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Healthcare and social needs of international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America: analysis of the Chilean case
(2022)
Alice Blukacz
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CABIESES VALDES, BALTICA BEATRIZ
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Edward Mezones-Holguín
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José Manuel Cardona Arias
<jats:p> International migrants are a particularly vulnerable group in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Immigrants in Chile tend to experience multidimensional poverty and layers of social vulnerability. Our analysis aims to describe the perceived social and health-related needs of international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile in terms of migration as a social determinant of health and layered social vulnerability. We carried out a qualitative analysis of responses to an open-ended question focused on the social and health-related needs linked to the pandemic included in an online questionnaire disseminated during April 2020 aimed at international migrants residing in Chile. The information gathered was thematically analysed. We included 1690 participants. They expressed needs related to health and others linked to the overall socio-economic and political response, employment, material conditions and psychosocial aspects. They also reported needs related to ‘being a migrant’. Additionally, some participants described situations of vulnerability. We analysed their needs and situations of vulnerability identified around the following emerging frames: (a) work and living conditions, (b) regularisation traps and perceived lack of support and (c) and physical and mental health needs. International migrants in Chile report experiencing interrelated layers of social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic, where ‘being a migrant’ exacerbates physical and mental health risks. The issues revealed are immediate and direct public health challenges, as well as different aspects of social vulnerability linked to migratory status, employment and barriers to accessing healthcare that should be addressed through comprehensive policies and measures. </jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 17 1

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