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    Decision Making in Moral Judgment Context is Modulated by Individual Metacognition
    (2023)
    Hugo Osorio T.
    ;
    REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO  
    <jats:p> Metacognition refers to the human capacity to access and monitor one's own mental states. Recent research suggests that this capacity expands to the social world, e.g., when individuals explicitly share their cognitive processes with others. Additionally, metacognition is also linked to cognitive flexibility, and the latter to ideologically radical behaviors. Indeed, the absence of control over one's own mental activity could be at the base of different phenomena linked to social cognition. We investigate the metacognitive capacity of individuals in relation to the radicality with which they make a moral choice (utilitarian vs. deontological). For this purpose, 76 participants were submitted to 24 hypothetical situations, with the aim of evaluating the consistency (i.e., the radicality) of their moral choices. Then, in an independent experimental session, we evaluated the participants' metacognitive efficiency. We managed to demonstrate that individual metacognition scores are correlated with the radicality of a moral choice. We discussed the impact and relevance of metacognition in ecological contexts, particularly where subjective evaluation of the environment involves individual choices with social consequences. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 1  10
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      6Scopus© Citations 4
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    Hydrocortisone decreases metacognitive efficiency independent of perceived stress
    (2020)
    REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO  
    ;
    VIVANCO CARLEVARI, ANASTASSIA BELEN  
    ;
    Franco Medina
    ;
    Carolina Manosalva
    ;
    Vincent de Gardelle
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>It is well established that acute stress produces negative effects on high level cognitive functions. However, these effects could be due to the physiological components of the stress response (among which cortisol secretion is prominent), to its psychological concomitants (the thoughts generated by the stressor) or to any combination of those. Our study shows for the first time that the typical cortisol response to stress is sufficient to impair metacognition, that is the ability to monitor one’s own performance in a task. In a pharmacological protocol, we administered either 20 mg hydrocortisone or placebo to 46 male participants, and measured their subjective perception of stress, their performance in a perceptual task, and their metacognitive ability. We found that hydrocortisone selectively impaired metacognitive ability, without affecting task performance or creating a subjective state of stress. In other words, the single physiological response of stress produces a net effect on metacognition. These results inform our basic understanding of the physiological bases of metacognition. They are also relevant for applied or clinical research about situations involving stress, anxiety, depression, or simply cortisol use.</jats:p>
      1  2Scopus© Citations 14
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    Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach?
    (2019)
    Ricardo Ramírez-Barrantes
    ;
    Marcelo Arancibia
    ;
    Jana Stojanova
    ;
    ASPÉ SÁNCHEZ, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO  
    ;
    Claudio Córdova
    Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
    Scopus© Citations 38  1
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    Consensus Goals in the Field of Visual Metacognition
    (2022)
    Dobromir Rahnev
    ;
    Tarryn Balsdon
    ;
    Lucie Charles
    ;
    Vincent de Gardelle
    ;
    Rachel Denison
    <jats:p> Despite the tangible progress in psychological and cognitive sciences over the last several years, these disciplines still trail other more mature sciences in identifying the most important questions that need to be solved. Reaching such consensus could lead to greater synergy across different laboratories, faster progress, and increased focus on solving important problems rather than pursuing isolated, niche efforts. Here, 26 researchers from the field of visual metacognition reached consensus on four long-term and two medium-term common goals. We describe the process that we followed, the goals themselves, and our plans for accomplishing these goals. If this effort proves successful within the next few years, such consensus building around common goals could be adopted more widely in psychological science. </jats:p>
      12  1Scopus© Citations 28
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    Metacognitive improvement: Disentangling adaptive training from experimental confounds.
    (2022)
    Martin Rouy
    ;
    Vincent de Gardelle
    ;
    REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO  
    ;
    Jérôme Sackur
    ;
    Jean Christophe Vergnaud
      1Scopus© Citations 17  3
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    The Confidence Database
    (2020)
    Dobromir Rahnev
    ;
    Kobe Desender
    ;
    Alan L. F. Lee
    ;
    William T. Adler
    ;
    David Aguilar-Lleyda
      11Scopus© Citations 91
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    Meditation focused on self-observation of the body impairs metacognitive efficiency
    (2019)
    Carlos Schmidt
    ;
    REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO  
    ;
    Mauricio Barrientos
    ;
    Álvaro I. Langer
    ;
    Jérôme Sackur
    Scopus© Citations 15  1
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      27  1Scopus© Citations 8
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    Introspection during short-term memory scanning
    (2018)
    REYES MUÑOZ, GABRIEL EDUARDO  
    ;
    Jérôme Sackur
    <jats:p> The literature in metacognition has argued for many years that introspective access to our own mental content is restricted to the cognitive states associated with the response to a task, such as the level of confidence in a decision or the estimation of the response time; however, the cognitive processes that underlie such states were deemed inaccessible to participants’ consciousness. Here, we ask whether participants could introspectively distinguish the cognitive processes that underlie two short-term memory tasks. For this purpose, we asked participants, on a trial-by-trial basis, to report the number of items that they mentally scanned during their short-term memory retrieval, which we have named “subjective number of scanned items.” The subjective number of scanned items index was evaluated, in Experiment 1, immediately after a judgment of recency task and, in Experiment 2, after an item recognition task. Finally, in Experiment 3, both tasks were randomly mixed. The results showed that participants’ introspection successfully accessed the complexity of the decisional processes. </jats:p>
      1Scopus© Citations 9  1